A.2 Job ClassAd Attributes

Absent:

Boolean set to true True if the ad is absent.

AcctGroup:

The accounting group name, as set in the submit description file via the accounting_group command. This attribute is only present if an accounting group was requested by the submission. See section 3.6.7 for more information about accounting groups.

AcctGroupUser:

The user name associated with the accounting group. This attribute is only present if an accounting group was requested by the submission.

AllRemoteHosts:

String containing a comma-separated list of all the remote machines running a parallel or mpi universe job.

Args:

A string representing the command line arguments passed to the job, when those arguments are specified using the old syntax, as specified in section 12.

Arguments:

A string representing the command line arguments passed to the job, when those arguments are specified using the new syntax, as specified in section 12.

BatchQueue:

For grid universe jobs destined for PBS, LSF or SGE, the name of the queue in the remote batch system.

BlockReadKbytes:

The integer number of KiB read from disk for this job.

BlockReads:

The integer number of disk blocks read for this job.

BlockWriteKbytes:

The integer number of KiB written to disk for this job.

BlockWrites:

The integer number of blocks written to disk for this job.

BoincAuthenticatorFile:

Used for grid type boinc jobs; a string taken from the definition of the submit description file command boinc_authenticator_file. Defines the path and file name of the file containing the authenticator string to use to authenticate to the BOINC service.

CkptArch:

String describing the architecture of the machine this job executed on at the time it last produced a checkpoint. If the job has never produced a checkpoint, this attribute is undefined.

CkptOpSys:

String describing the operating system of the machine this job executed on at the time it last produced a checkpoint. If the job has never produced a checkpoint, this attribute is undefined.

ClusterId:

Integer cluster identifier for this job. A cluster is a group of jobs that were submitted together. Each job has its own unique job identifier within the cluster, but shares a common cluster identifier. The value changes each time a job or set of jobs are queued for execution under HTCondor.

Cmd:

The path to and the file name of the job to be executed.

CommittedTime:

The number of seconds of wall clock time that the job has been allocated a machine, excluding the time spent on run attempts that were evicted without a checkpoint. Like RemoteWallClockTime, this includes time the job spent in a suspended state, so the total committed wall time spent running is

CommittedTime - CommittedSuspensionTime

CommittedSlotTime:

This attribute is identical to CommittedTime except that the time is multiplied by the SlotWeight of the machine(s) that ran the job. This relies on SlotWeight being listed in SYSTEM_JOB_MACHINE_ATTRS .

CommittedSuspensionTime:

A running total of the number of seconds the job has spent in suspension during time in which the job was not evicted without a checkpoint. This number is updated when the job is checkpointed and when it exits.

CompletionDate:

The time when the job completed, or the value 0 if the job has not yet completed. Measured in the number of seconds since the epoch (00:00:00 UTC, Jan 1, 1970).

ConcurrencyLimits:

A string list, delimited by commas and space characters. The items in the list identify named resources that the job requires. The value can be a ClassAd expression which, when evaluated in the context of the job ClassAd and a matching machine ClassAd, results in a string list.

CumulativeSlotTime:

This attribute is identical to RemoteWallClockTime except that the time is multiplied by the SlotWeight of the machine(s) that ran the job. This relies on SlotWeight being listed in SYSTEM_JOB_MACHINE_ATTRS .

CumulativeSuspensionTime:

A running total of the number of seconds the job has spent in suspension for the life of the job.

CumulativeTransferTime:

The total time, in seconds, that condor has spent transferring the input and output sandboxes for the life of the job.

CurrentHosts:

The number of hosts in the claimed state, due to this job.

DAGManJobId:

For a DAGMan node job only, the ClusterId job ClassAd attribute of the condor_dagman job which is the parent of this node job. For nested DAGs, this attribute holds only the ClusterId of the job’s immediate parent.

DAGParentNodeNames:

For a DAGMan node job only, a comma separated list of each JobName which is a parent node of this job’s node. This attribute is passed through to the job via the condor_submit command line, if it does not exceed the line length defined with _POSIX_ARG_MAX. For example, if a node job has two parents with JobNames B and C, the condor_submit command line will contain

  -append +DAGParentNodeNames=B,C

DAGManNodesLog:

For a DAGMan node job only, gives the path to an event log used exclusively by DAGMan to monitor the state of the DAG’s jobs. Events are written to this log file in addition to any log file specified in the job’s submit description file.

DAGManNodesMask:

For a DAGMan node job only, a comma-separated list of the event codes that should be written to the log specified by DAGManNodesLog, known as the auxiliary log. All events not specified in the DAGManNodesMask string are not written to the auxiliary event log. The value of this attribute is determined by DAGMan, and it is passed to the job via the condor_submit command line. By default, the following events are written to the auxiliary job log:

• Submit, event code is 0
• Execute, event code is 1
• Executable error, event code is 2
• Job evicted, event code is 4
• Job terminated, event code is 5
• Shadow exception, event code is 7
• Job aborted, event code is 9
• Job suspended, event code is 10
• Job unsuspended, event code is 11
• Job held, event code is 12
• Job released, event code is 13
• Post script terminated, event code is 16
• Globus submit, event code is 17
• Grid submit, event code is 27

If DAGManNodesLog is not defined, it has no effect. The value of DAGManNodesMask does not affect events recorded in the job event log file referred to by UserLog.

DelegateJobGSICredentialsLifetime:

An integer that specifies the maximum number of seconds for which delegated proxies should be valid. The default behavior is determined by the configuration setting DELEGATE_JOB_GSI_CREDENTIALS_LIFETIME , which defaults to one day. A value of 0 indicates that the delegated proxy should be valid for as long as allowed by the credential used to create the proxy. This setting currently only applies to proxies delegated for non-grid jobs and HTCondor-C jobs. It does not currently apply to globus grid jobs, which always behave as though this setting were 0. This setting has no effect if the configuration setting DELEGATE_JOB_GSI_CREDENTIALS is false, because in that case the job proxy is copied rather than delegated.

DiskUsage:

Amount of disk space (KiB) in the HTCondor execute directory on the execute machine that this job has used. An initial value may be set at the job’s request, placing into the job’s submit description file a setting such as

  # 1 megabyte initial value  
  +DiskUsage = 1024

vm universe jobs will default to an initial value of the disk image size. If not initialized by the job, non-vm universe jobs will default to an initial value of the sum of the job’s executable and all input files.

EC2AccessKeyId:

Used for grid type ec2 jobs; a string taken from the definition of the submit description file command ec2_access_key_id. Defines the path and file name of the file containing the EC2 Query API’s access key.

EC2AmiID:

Used for grid type ec2 jobs; a string taken from the definition of the submit description file command ec2_ami_id. Identifies the machine image of the instance.

EC2BlockDeviceMapping:

Used for grid type ec2 jobs; a string taken from the definition of the submit description file command ec2_block_device_mapping. Defines the map from block device names to kernel device names for the instance.

EC2ElasticIp:

Used for grid type ec2 jobs; a string taken from the definition of the submit description file command ec2_elastic_ip. Specifies an Elastic IP address to associate with the instance.

EC2IamProfileArn:

Used for grid type ec2 jobs; a string taken from the definition of the submit description file command ec2_iam_profile_arn. Specifies the IAM (instance) profile to associate with this instance.

EC2IamProfileName:

Used for grid type ec2 jobs; a string taken from the definition of the submit description file command ec2_iam_profile_name. Specifies the IAM (instance) profile to associate with this instance.

EC2InstanceName:

Used for grid type ec2 jobs; a string set for the job once the instance starts running, as assigned by the EC2 service, that represents the unique ID assigned to the instance by the EC2 service.

EC2InstanceName:

Used for grid type ec2 jobs; a string set for the job once the instance starts running, as assigned by the EC2 service, that represents the unique ID assigned to the instance by the EC2 service.

EC2InstanceType:

Used for grid type ec2 jobs; a string taken from the definition of the submit description file command ec2_instance_type. Specifies a service-specific instance type.

EC2KeyPair:

Used for grid type ec2 jobs; a string taken from the definition of the submit description file command ec2_keypair. Defines the key pair associated with the EC2 instance.

EC2ParameterNames:

Used for grid type ec2 jobs; a string taken from the definition of the submit description file command ec2_parameter_names. Contains a space or comma separated list of the names of additional parameters to pass when instantiating an instance.

EC2SpotPrice:

Used for grid type ec2 jobs; a string taken from the definition of the submit description file command ec2_spot_price. Defines the maximum amount per hour a job submitter is willing to pay to run this job.

EC2SpotRequestID:

Used for grid type ec2 jobs; identifies the spot request HTCondor made on behalf of this job.

EC2StatusReasonCode:

Used for grid type ec2 jobs; reports the reason for the most recent EC2-level state transition. Can be used to determine if a spot request was terminated due to a rise in the spot price.

EC2TagNames:

Used for grid type ec2 jobs; a string taken from the definition of the submit description file command ec2_tag_names. Defines the set, and case, of tags associated with the EC2 instance.

EC2KeyPairFile:

Used for grid type ec2 jobs; a string taken from the definition of the submit description file command ec2_keypair_file. Defines the path and file name of the file into which to write the SSH key used to access the image, once it is running.

EC2RemoteVirtualMachineName:

Used for grid type ec2 jobs; a string set for the job once the instance starts running, as assigned by the EC2 service, that represents the host name upon which the instance runs, such that the user can communicate with the running instance.

EC2SecretAccessKey:

Used for grid type ec2 jobs; a string taken from the definition of the submit description file command ec2_secret_access_key. Defines that path and file name of the file containing the EC2 Query API’s secret access key.

EC2SecurityGroups:

Used for grid type ec2 jobs; a string taken from the definition of the submit description file command ec2_security_groups. Defines the list of EC2 security groups which should be associated with the job.

EC2SecurityIDs:

Used for grid type ec2 jobs; a string taken from the definition of the submit description file command ec2_security_ids. Defines the list of EC2 security group IDs which should be associated with the job.

EC2UserData:

Used for grid type ec2 jobs; a string taken from the definition of the submit description file command ec2_user_data. Defines a block of data that can be accessed by the virtual machine.

EC2UserDataFile:

Used for grid type ec2 jobs; a string taken from the definition of the submit description file command ec2_user_data_file. Specifies a path and file name of a file containing data that can be accessed by the virtual machine.

EmailAttributes:

A string containing a comma-separated list of job ClassAd attributes. For each attribute name in the list, its value will be included in the e-mail notification upon job completion.

EncryptExecuteDirectory:

A boolean value taken from the submit description file command encrypt_execute_directory. It specifies if HTCondor should encrypt the remote scratch directory on the machine where the job executes.

EnteredCurrentStatus:

An integer containing the epoch time of when the job entered into its current status So for example, if the job is on hold, the ClassAd expression

    time() - EnteredCurrentStatus

will equal the number of seconds that the job has been on hold.

Env:

A string representing the environment variables passed to the job, when those arguments are specified using the old syntax, as specified in section 12.

Environment:

A string representing the environment variables passed to the job, when those arguments are specified using the new syntax, as specified in section 12.

ExecutableSize:

Size of the executable in KiB.

ExitBySignal:

An attribute that is True when a user job exits via a signal and False otherwise. For some grid universe jobs, how the job exited is unavailable. In this case, ExitBySignal is set to False.

ExitCode:

When a user job exits by means other than a signal, this is the exit return code of the user job. For some grid universe jobs, how the job exited is unavailable. In this case, ExitCode is set to 0.

ExitSignal:

When a user job exits by means of an unhandled signal, this attribute takes on the numeric value of the signal. For some grid universe jobs, how the job exited is unavailable. In this case, ExitSignal will be undefined.

ExitStatus:

The way that HTCondor previously dealt with a job’s exit status. This attribute should no longer be used. It is not always accurate in heterogeneous pools, or if the job exited with a signal. Instead, see the attributes: ExitBySignal, ExitCode, and ExitSignal.

GceAuthFile:

Used for grid type gce jobs; a string taken from the definition of the submit description file command gce_auth_file. Defines the path and file name of the file containing authorization credentials to use the GCE service.

GceImage:

Used for grid type gce jobs; a string taken from the definition of the submit description file command gce_image. Identifies the machine image of the instance.

GceJsonFile:

Used for grid type gce jobs; a string taken from the definition of the submit description file command gce_json_file. Specifies the path and file name of a file containing a set of JSON object members that should be added to the instance description submitted to the GCE service.

GceMachineType:

Used for grid type gce jobs; a string taken from the definition of the submit description file command gce_machine_type. Specifies the hardware profile that should be used for a GCE instance.

GceMetadata:

Used for grid type gce jobs; a string taken from the definition of the submit description file command gce_metadata. Defines a set of name/value pairs that can be accessed by the virtual machine.

GceMetadataFile:

Used for grid type gce jobs; a string taken from the definition of the submit description file command gce_metadata_file. Specifies a path and file name of a file containing a set of name/value pairs that can be accessed by the virtual machine.

GcePreemptible:

Used for grid type gce jobs; a boolean taken from the definition of the submit description file command gce_preemptible. Specifies whether the virtual machine instance created in GCE should be preemptible.

GlobalJobId:

A string intended to be a unique job identifier within a pool. It currently contains the condor_schedd daemon Name attribute, a job identifier composed of attributes ClusterId and ProcId separated by a period, and the job’s submission time in seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC, separated by # characters. The value submit.example.com#152.3#1358363336 is an example.

GridJobStatus:

A string containing the job’s status as reported by the remote job management system.

GridResource:

A string defined by the right hand side of the the submit description file command grid_resource. It specifies the target grid type, plus additional parameters specific to the grid type.

HoldKillSig:

Currently only for scheduler and local universe jobs, a string containing a name of a signal to be sent to the job if the job is put on hold.

HoldReason:

A string containing a human-readable message about why a job is on hold. This is the message that will be displayed in response to the command condor_q -hold. It can be used to determine if a job should be released or not.

HoldReasonCode:

An integer value that represents the reason that a job was put on hold.

Integer Code	Reason for Hold	HoldReasonSubCode
1	The user put the job on hold with condor_hold.
2	Globus middleware reported an error.	The GRAM error number.
3	The PERIODIC_HOLD expression evaluated to True. Or, ON_EXIT_HOLD was true	User Specified
4	The credentials for the job are invalid.
5	A job policy expression evaluated to Undefined.
6	The condor_starter failed to start the executable.	The Unix errno number.
7	The standard output file for the job could not be opened.	The Unix errno number.
8	The standard input file for the job could not be opened.	The Unix errno number.
9	The standard output stream for the job could not be opened.	The Unix errno number.
10	The standard input stream for the job could not be opened.	The Unix errno number.
11	An internal HTCondor protocol error was encountered when transferring files.
12	The condor_starter or condor_shadow failed to receive or write job files.	The Unix errno number.
13	The condor_starter or condor_shadow failed to read or send job files.	The Unix errno number.
14	The initial working directory of the job cannot be accessed.	The Unix errno number.
15	The user requested the job be submitted on hold.
16	Input files are being spooled.
17	A standard universe job is not compatible with the condor_shadow version available on the submitting machine.
18	An internal HTCondor protocol error was encountered when transferring files.
19	<Keyword>_HOOK_PREPARE_JOB was defined but could not be executed or returned failure.
20	The job missed its deferred execution time and therefore failed to run.
21	The job was put on hold because WANT_HOLD in the machine policy was true.
22	Unable to initialize job event log.
23	Failed to access user account.
24	No compatible shadow.
25	Invalid cron settings.
26	SYSTEM_PERIODIC_HOLD evaluated to true.
27	The system periodic job policy evaluated to undefined.
28	Failed while using glexec to set up the job’s working directory (chown sandbox to the user).
30	Failed while using glexec to prepare output for transfer (chown sandbox to condor).
32	The maximum total input file transfer size was exceeded. (See MAX_TRANSFER_INPUT_MB .)
33	The maximum total output file transfer size was exceeded. (See MAX_TRANSFER_OUTPUT_MB .)
34	Memory usage exceeds a memory limit.
35	Specified Docker image was invalid.
36	Job failed when sent the checkpoint signal it requested.
37	User error in the EC2 universe:
	Public key file not defined.	1
	Private key file not defined.	2
	Grid resource string missing EC2 service URL.	4
	Failed to authenticate.	9
	Can’t use existing SSH keypair with the given server’s type.	10
	You, or somebody like you, cancelled this request.	20
38	Internal error in the EC2 universe:
	Grid resource type not EC2.	3
	Grid resource type not set.	5
	Grid job ID is not for EC2.	7
	Unexpected remote job status.	21
39	Adminstrator error in the EC2 universe:
	EC2_GAHP not defined.	6
40	Connection problem in the EC2 universe
	…while creating an SSH keypair.	11
	…while starting an on-demand instance.	12
	…while requesting a spot instance.	17
41	Server error in the EC2 universe:
	Abnormal instance termination reason.	13
	Unrecognized instance termination reason.	14
	Resource was down for too long.	22
42	Instance potentially lost due to an error in the EC2 universe:
	Connection error while terminating an instance.	15
	Failed to terminate instance too many times.	16
	Connection error while terminating a spot request.	17
	Failed to terminated a spot request too many times.	18
	Spot instance request purged before instance ID acquired.	19
43	Pre script failed.
44	Post script failed.

HoldReasonSubCode:

An integer value that represents further information to go along with the HoldReasonCode, for some values of HoldReasonCode. See HoldReasonCode for the values.

HookKeyword:

A string that uniquely identifies a set of job hooks, and added to the ClassAd once a job is fetched.

ImageSize:

Maximum observed memory image size (i.e. virtual memory) of the job in KiB. The initial value is equal to the size of the executable for non-vm universe jobs, and 0 for vm universe jobs. When the job writes a checkpoint, the ImageSize attribute is set to the size of the checkpoint file (since the checkpoint file contains the job’s memory image). A vanilla universe job’s ImageSize is recomputed internally every 15 seconds. How quickly this updated information becomes visible to condor_q is controlled by SHADOW_QUEUE_UPDATE_INTERVAL and STARTER_UPDATE_INTERVAL.

Under Linux, ProportionalSetSize is a better indicator of memory usage for jobs with significant sharing of memory between processes, because ImageSize is simply the sum of virtual memory sizes across all of the processes in the job, which may count the same memory pages more than once.

IwdFlushNFSCache:

A boolean expression that controls whether or not HTCondor attempts to flush a submit machine’s NFS cache, in order to refresh an HTCondor job’s initial working directory. The value will be True, unless a job explicitly adds this attribute, setting it to False.

JobAdInformationAttrs:

A comma-separated list of attribute names. The named attributes and their values are written in the job event log whenever any event is being written to the log. This is the same as the configuration setting EVENT_LOG_INFORMATION_ATTRS (see page 617) but it applies to the job event log instead of the system event log.

JobDescription:

A string that may be defined for a job by setting description in the submit description file. When set, tools which display the executable such as condor_q will instead use this string. For interactive jobs that do not have a submit description file, this string will default to "Interactive job".

JobCurrentStartDate:

Time at which the job most recently began running. Measured in the number of seconds since the epoch (00:00:00 UTC, Jan 1, 1970).

JobCurrentStartExecutingDate:

Time at which the job most recently finished transferring its input sandbox and began executing. Measured in the number of seconds since the epoch (00:00:00 UTC, Jan 1, 1970)

JobCurrentStartTransferOutputDate:

Time at which the job most recently finished executing and began transferring its output sandbox. Measured in the number of seconds since the epoch (00:00:00 UTC, Jan 1, 1970)

JobLeaseDuration:

The number of seconds set for a job lease, the amount of time that a job may continue running on a remote resource, despite its submitting machine’s lack of response. See section 2.14.4 for details on job leases.

JobMaxVacateTime:

An integer expression that specifies the time in seconds requested by the job for being allowed to gracefully shut down.

JobNotification:

An integer indicating what events should be emailed to the user. The integer values correspond to the user choices for the submit command notification.

---

Value	Notification value
0	Never
1	Always
2	Complete
3	Error

---

JobPrio:

Integer priority for this job, set by condor_submit or condor_prio. The default value is 0. The higher the number, the greater (better) the priority.

JobRunCount:

This attribute is retained for backwards compatibility. It may go away in the future. It is equivalent to NumShadowStarts for all universes except scheduler. For the scheduler universe, this attribute is equivalent to NumJobStarts.

JobStartDate:

Time at which the job first began running. Measured in the number of seconds since the epoch (00:00:00 UTC, Jan 1, 1970). Due to a long standing bug in the 8.6 series and earlier, the job classad that is internal to the condor_startd and condor_starter sets this to the time that the job most recently began executing. This bug is scheduled to be fixed in the 8.7 series.

JobStatus:

Integer which indicates the current status of the job.

---

Value	Status
1	Idle
2	Running
3	Removed
4	Completed
5	Held
6	Transferring Output
7	Suspended

---

JobUniverse:

Integer which indicates the job universe.

---

Value	Universe
1	standard
5	vanilla, docker
7	scheduler
8	MPI
9	grid
10	java
11	parallel
12	local
13	vm

---

KeepClaimIdle:

An integer value that represents the number of seconds that the condor_schedd will continue to keep a claim, in the Claimed Idle state, after the job with this attribute defined completes, and there are no other jobs ready to run from this user. This attribute may improve the performance of linear DAGs, in the case when a dependent job can not be scheduled until its parent has completed. Extending the claim on the machine may permit the dependent job to be scheduled with less delay than with waiting for the condor_negotiator to match with a new machine.

KillSig:

The Unix signal number that the job wishes to be sent before being forcibly killed. It is relevant only for jobs running on Unix machines.

KillSigTimeout:

This attribute is replaced by the functionality in JobMaxVacateTime as of HTCondor version 7.7.3. The number of seconds that the job (other than the standard universe) requests the condor_starter wait after sending the signal defined as KillSig and before forcibly removing the job. The actual amount of time will be the minimum of this value and the execute machine’s configuration variable KILLING_TIMEOUT .

LastCheckpointPlatform:

An opaque string which is the CheckpointPlatform identifier from the last machine where this standard universe job had successfully produced a checkpoint.

LastCkptServer:

Host name of the last checkpoint server used by this job. When a pool is using multiple checkpoint servers, this tells the job where to find its checkpoint file.

LastCkptTime:

Time at which the job last performed a successful checkpoint. Measured in the number of seconds since the epoch (00:00:00 UTC, Jan 1, 1970).

LastMatchTime:

An integer containing the epoch time when the job was last successfully matched with a resource (gatekeeper) Ad.

LastRejMatchReason:

If, at any point in the past, this job failed to match with a resource ad, this attribute will contain a string with a human-readable message about why the match failed.

LastRejMatchTime:

An integer containing the epoch time when HTCondor-G last tried to find a match for the job, but failed to do so.

LastRemotePool:

The name of the condor_collector of the pool in which a job ran via flocking in the most recent run attempt. This attribute is not defined if the job did not run via flocking.

LastSuspensionTime:

Time at which the job last performed a successful suspension. Measured in the number of seconds since the epoch (00:00:00 UTC, Jan 1, 1970).

LastVacateTime:

Time at which the job was last evicted from a remote workstation. Measured in the number of seconds since the epoch (00:00:00 UTC, Jan 1, 1970).

LeaveJobInQueue:

A boolean expression that defaults to False, causing the job to be removed from the queue upon completion. An exception is if the job is submitted using condor_submit -spool. For this case, the default expression causes the job to be kept in the queue for 10 days after completion.

LocalSysCpu:

An accumulated number of seconds of system CPU time that the job caused to the machine upon which the job was submitted.

LocalUserCpu:

An accumulated number of seconds of user CPU time that the job caused to the machine upon which the job was submitted.

MachineAttr<X><N>:

Machine attribute of name <X> that is placed into this job ClassAd, as specified by the configuration variable SYSTEM_JOB_MACHINE_ATTRS. With the potential for multiple run attempts, <N> represents an integer value providing historical values of this machine attribute for multiple runs. The most recent run will have a value of <N> equal to 0. The next most recent run will have a value of <N> equal to 1.

MaxHosts:

The maximum number of hosts that this job would like to claim. As long as CurrentHosts is the same as MaxHosts, no more hosts are negotiated for.

MaxJobRetirementTime:

Maximum time in seconds to let this job run uninterrupted before kicking it off when it is being preempted. This can only decrease the amount of time from what the corresponding startd expression allows.

MaxTransferInputMB:

This integer expression specifies the maximum allowed total size in Mbytes of the input files that are transferred for a job. This expression does not apply to grid universe, standard universe, or files transferred via file transfer plug-ins. The expression may refer to attributes of the job. The special value -1 indicates no limit. If not set, the system setting MAX_TRANSFER_INPUT_MB is used. If the observed size of all input files at submit time is larger than the limit, the job will be immediately placed on hold with a HoldReasonCode value of 32. If the job passes this initial test, but the size of the input files increases or the limit decreases so that the limit is violated, the job will be placed on hold at the time when the file transfer is attempted.

MaxTransferOutputMB:

This integer expression specifies the maximum allowed total size in Mbytes of the output files that are transferred for a job. This expression does not apply to grid universe, standard universe, or files transferred via file transfer plug-ins. The expression may refer to attributes of the job. The special value -1 indicates no limit. If not set, the system setting MAX_TRANSFER_OUTPUT_MB is used. If the total size of the job’s output files to be transferred is larger than the limit, the job will be placed on hold with a HoldReasonCode value of 33. The output will be transferred up to the point when the limit is hit, so some files may be fully transferred, some partially, and some not at all.

MemoryUsage:

An integer expression in units of Mbytes that represents the peak memory usage for the job. Its purpose is to be compared with the value defined by a job with the request_memory submit command, for purposes of policy evaluation.

MinHosts:

The minimum number of hosts that must be in the claimed state for this job, before the job may enter the running state.

NextJobStartDelay:

An integer number of seconds delay time after this job starts until the next job is started. The value is limited by the configuration variable MAX_NEXT_JOB_START_DELAY .

NiceUser:

Boolean value which when True indicates that this job is a nice job, raising its user priority value, thus causing it to run on a machine only when no other HTCondor jobs want the machine.

Nonessential:

A boolean value only relevant to grid universe jobs, which when True tells HTCondor to simply abort (remove) any problematic job, instead of putting the job on hold. It is the equivalent of doing condor_rm followed by condor_rm -forcex any time the job would have otherwise gone on hold. If not explicitly set to True, the default value will be False.

NTDomain:

A string that identifies the NT domain under which a job’s owner authenticates on a platform running Windows.

NumCkpts:

A count of the number of checkpoints written by this job during its lifetime.

NumGlobusSubmits:

An integer that is incremented each time the condor_gridmanager receives confirmation of a successful job submission into Globus.

NumJobCompletions:

An integer, initialized to zero, that is incremented by the condor_shadow each time the job’s executable exits of its own accord, with or without errors, and successfully completes file transfer (if requested). Jobs which have done so normally enter the completed state; this attribute is therefore normally only of use when, for example, on_exit_remove or on_exit_hold is set.

NumJobMatches:

An integer that is incremented by the condor_schedd each time the job is matched with a resource ad by the negotiator.

NumJobReconnects:

An integer count of the number of times a job successfully reconnected after being disconnected. This occurs when the condor_shadow and condor_starter lose contact, for example because of transient network failures or a condor_shadow or condor_schedd restart. This attribute is only defined for jobs that can reconnected: those in the vanilla and java universes.

NumJobStarts:

An integer count of the number of times the job started executing. This is not (yet) defined for standard universe jobs.

NumPids:

A count of the number of child processes that this job has.

NumRestarts:

A count of the number of restarts from a checkpoint attempted by this job during its lifetime.

NumShadowExceptions:

An integer count of the number of times the condor_shadow daemon had a fatal error for a given job.

NumShadowStarts:

An integer count of the number of times a condor_shadow daemon was started for a given job. This attribute is not defined for scheduler universe jobs, since they do not have a condor_shadow daemon associated with them. For local universe jobs, this attribute is defined, even though the process that manages the job is technically a condor_starter rather than a condor_shadow. This keeps the management of the local universe and other universes as similar as possible. Note that this attribute is incremented every time the job is matched, even if the match is rejected by the execute machine; in other words, the value of this attribute may be greater than the number of times the job actually ran.

NumSystemHolds:

An integer that is incremented each time HTCondor-G places a job on hold due to some sort of error condition. This counter is useful, since HTCondor-G will always place a job on hold when it gives up on some error condition. Note that if the user places the job on hold using the condor_hold command, this attribute is not incremented.

OtherJobRemoveRequirements:

A string that defines a list of jobs. When the job with this attribute defined is removed, all other jobs defined by the list are also removed. The string is an expression that defines a constraint equivalent to the one implied by the command

  condor_rm -constraint <constraint>

This attribute is used for jobs managed with condor_dagman to ensure that node jobs of the DAG are removed when the condor_dagman job itself is removed. Note that the list of jobs defined by this attribute must not form a cyclic removal of jobs, or the condor_schedd will go into an infinite loop when any of the jobs is removed.

OutputDestination:

A URL, as defined by submit command output_destination.

Owner:

String describing the user who submitted this job.

ParallelShutdownPolicy:

A string that is only relevant to parallel universe jobs. Without this attribute defined, the default policy applied to parallel universe jobs is to consider the whole job completed when the first node exits, killing processes running on all remaining nodes. If defined to the following strings, HTCondor’s behavior changes:

"WAIT_FOR_ALL"

HTCondor will wait until every node in the parallel job has completed to consider the job finished.

PostArgs:

Defines the command-line arguments for the post command using the old argument syntax, as specified in section 12. If both PostArgs and PostArguments exists, the former is ignored.

PostArguments:

Defines the command-line arguments for the post command using the new argument syntax, as specified in section 12, excepting that double quotes must be escaped with a backslash instead of another double quote. If both PostArgs and PostArguments exists, the former is ignored.

PostCmd:

A job in the vanilla, Docker, Java, or virtual machine universes may specify a command to run after the Executable has exited, but before file transfer is started. Unlike a DAGMan POST script command, this command is run on the execute machine; however, it is not run in the same environment as the Executable. Instead, its environment is set by PostEnv or PostEnvironment. Like the DAGMan POST script command, this command is not run in the same universe as the Executable; in particular, this command is not run in a Docker container, nor in a virtual machine, nor in Java. This command is also not run with any of vanilla universe’s features active, including (but not limited to): cgroups, PID namespaces, bind mounts, CPU affinity, Singularity, or job wrappers. This command is not automatically transferred with the job, so if you’re using file transfer, you must add it to the transfer_input_files list.

If the specified command is in the job’s execute directory, or any sub-directory, you should not set vm_no_output_vm, as that will delete all the files in the job’s execute directory before this command has a chance to run. If you don’t want any output back from your VM universe job, but you do want to run a post command, do not set vm_no_output_vm and instead delete the job’s execute directory in your post command.

PostCmdExitBySignal:

If SuccessPostExitCode or SuccessPostExitSignal were set, and the post command has run, this attribute will true if the the post command exited on a signal and false if it did not. It is otherwise unset.

PostCmdExitCode:

If SuccessPostExitCode or SuccessPostExitSignal were set, the post command has run, and the post command did not exit on a signal, then this attribute will be set to the exit code. It is otherwise unset.

PostCmdExitSignal:

If SuccessPostExitCode or SuccessPostExitSignal were set, the post command has run, and the post command exited on a signal, then this attribute will be set to that signal. It is otherwise unset.

PostEnv:

Defines the environment for the Postscript using the Old environment syntax. If both PostEnv and PostEnvironment exist, the former is ignored.

PostEnvironment:

Defines the environment for the Postscript using the New environment syntax. If both PostEnv and PostEnvironment exist, the former is ignored.

PreArgs:

Defines the command-line arguments for the pre command using the old argument syntax, as specified in section 12. If both PreArgs and PreArguments exists, the former is ignored.

PreArguments:

Defines the command-line arguments for the pre command using the new argument syntax, as specified in section 12, excepting that double quotes must be escape with a backslash instead of another double quote. If both PreArgs and PreArguments exists, the former is ignored.

PreCmd:

A job in the vanilla, Docker, Java, or virtual machine universes may specify a command to run after file transfer (if any) completes but before the Executable is started. Unlike a DAGMan PRE script command, this command is run on the execute machine; however, it is not run in the same environment as the Executable. Instead, its environment is set by PreEnv or PreEnvironment. Like the DAGMan POST script command, this command is not run in the same universe as the Executable; in particular, this command is not run in a Docker container, nor in a virtual machine, nor in Java. This command is also not run with any of vanilla universe’s features active, including (but not limited to): cgroups, PID namespaces, bind mounts, CPU affinity, Singularity, or job wrappers. This command is not automatically transferred with the job, so if you’re using file transfer, you must add it to the transfer_input_files list.

PreCmdExitBySignal:

If SuccessPreExitCode or SuccessPreExitSignal were set, and the pre command has run, this attribute will true if the the pre command exited on a signal and false if it did not. It is otherwise unset.

PreCmdExitCode:

If SuccessPreExitCode or SuccessPreExitSignal were set, the pre command has run, and the pre command did not exit on a signal, then this attribute will be set to the exit code. It is otherwise unset.

PreCmdExitSignal:

If SuccessPreExitCode or SuccessPreExitSignal were set, the pre command has run, and the pre command exited on a signal, then this attribute will be set to that signal. It is otherwise unset.

PreEnv:

Defines the environment for the prescript using the Old environment syntax. If both PreEnv and PreEnvironment exist, the former is ignored.

PreEnvironment:

Defines the environment for the prescript using the New environment syntax. If both PreEnv and PreEnvironment exist, the former is ignored.

PreJobPrio1:

An integer value representing a user’s priority to affect of choice of jobs to run. A larger value gives higher priority. When not explicitly set for a job, 0 is used for comparison purposes. This attribute, when set, is considered first: before PreJobPrio2, before JobPrio, before PostJobPrio1, before PostJobPrio2, and before QDate.

PreJobPrio2:

An integer value representing a user’s priority to affect of choice of jobs to run. A larger value gives higher priority. When not explicitly set for a job, 0 is used for comparison purposes. This attribute, when set, is considered after PreJobPrio1, but before JobPrio, before PostJobPrio1, before PostJobPrio2, and before QDate.

PostJobPrio1:

An integer value representing a user’s priority to affect of choice of jobs to run. A larger value gives higher priority. When not explicitly set for a job, 0 is used for comparison purposes. This attribute, when set, is considered after PreJobPrio1, after PreJobPrio1, and after JobPrio, but before PostJobPrio2, and before QDate.

PostJobPrio2:

An integer value representing a user’s priority to affect of choice of jobs to run. A larger value gives higher priority. When not explicitly set for a job, 0 is used for comparison purposes. This attribute, when set, is considered after PreJobPrio1, after PreJobPrio1, after JobPrio, and after PostJobPrio1, but before QDate.

PreserveRelativeExecutable:

When True, the condor_starter will not prepend Iwd to Cmd, when Cmd is a relative path name and TransferExecutable is False. The default value is False. This attribute is primarily of interest for users of USER_JOB_WRAPPER for the purpose of allowing an executable’s location to be resolved by the user’s path in the job wrapper.

ProcId:

Integer process identifier for this job. Within a cluster of many jobs, each job has the same ClusterId, but will have a unique ProcId. Within a cluster, assignment of a ProcId value will start with the value 0. The job (process) identifier described here is unrelated to operating system PIDs.

ProportionalSetSizeKb:

On Linux execute machines with kernel version more recent than 2.6.27, this is the maximum observed proportional set size (PSS) in KiB, summed across all processes in the job. If the execute machine does not support monitoring of PSS or PSS has not yet been measured, this attribute will be undefined. PSS differs from ImageSize in how memory shared between processes is accounted. The PSS for one process is the sum of that process’ memory pages divided by the number of processes sharing each of the pages. ImageSize is the same, except there is no division by the number of processes sharing the pages.

QDate:

Time at which the job was submitted to the job queue. Measured in the number of seconds since the epoch (00:00:00 UTC, Jan 1, 1970).

RecentBlockReadKbytes:

The integer number of KiB read from disk for this job over the previous time interval defined by configuration variable STATISTICS_WINDOW_SECONDS.

RecentBlockReads:

The integer number of disk blocks read for this job over the previous time interval defined by configuration variable STATISTICS_WINDOW_SECONDS.

RecentBlockWriteKbytes:

The integer number of KiB written to disk for this job over the previous time interval defined by configuration variable STATISTICS_WINDOW_SECONDS.

RecentBlockWrites:

The integer number of blocks written to disk for this job over the previous time interval defined by configuration variable STATISTICS_WINDOW_SECONDS.

ReleaseReason:

A string containing a human-readable message about why the job was released from hold.

RemoteIwd:

The path to the directory in which a job is to be executed on a remote machine.

RemotePool:

The name of the condor_collector of the pool in which a job is running via flocking. This attribute is not defined if the job is not running via flocking.

RemoteSysCpu:

The total number of seconds of system CPU time (the time spent at system calls) the job used on remote machines. This does not count time spent on run attempts that were evicted without a checkpoint.

CumulativeRemoteSysCpu:

The total number of seconds of system CPU time the job used on remote machines, summed over all execution attempts.

RemoteUserCpu:

The total number of seconds of user CPU time the job used on remote machines. This does not count time spent on run attempts that were evicted without a checkpoint. A job in the virtual machine universe will only report this attribute if run on a KVM hypervisor.

CumulativeRemoteUserCpu:

The total number of seconds of user CPU time the job used on remote machines, summed over all execution attempts.

RemoteWallClockTime:

Cumulative number of seconds the job has been allocated a machine. This also includes time spent in suspension (if any), so the total real time spent running is

RemoteWallClockTime - CumulativeSuspensionTime

Note that this number does not get reset to zero when a job is forced to migrate from one machine to another. CommittedTime, on the other hand, is just like RemoteWallClockTime except it does get reset to 0 whenever the job is evicted without a checkpoint.

RemoveKillSig:

Currently only for scheduler universe jobs, a string containing a name of a signal to be sent to the job if the job is removed.

RequestCpus:

The number of CPUs requested for this job. If dynamic condor_startd provisioning is enabled, it is the minimum number of CPUs that are needed in the created dynamic slot.

RequestDisk:

The amount of disk space in KiB requested for this job. If dynamic condor_startd provisioning is enabled, it is the minimum amount of disk space needed in the created dynamic slot.

RequestedChroot:

A full path to the directory that the job requests the condor_starter use as an argument to chroot().

RequestMemory:

The amount of memory space in MiB requested for this job. If dynamic condor_startd provisioning is enabled, it is the minimum amount of memory needed in the created dynamic slot. If not set by the job, its definition is specified by configuration variable JOB_DEFAULT_REQUESTMEMORY .

Requirements:

A classad expression evaluated by the condor_negotiator, condor_schedd, and {Condorstartd in the context of slot ad. If true, this job is eligible to run on that slot. If the job requirements does not mention the (startd) attribute OPSYS , the schedd will append a clause to Requirements forcing the job to match the same OPSYS as the submit machine. The schedd appends a simliar clause to match the ARCH . The schedd parameter APPEND_REQUIREMENTS , will, if set, append that value to every job’s requirements expression.

ResidentSetSize:

Maximum observed physical memory in use by the job in KiB while running.

StackSize:

Utilized for Linux jobs only, the number of bytes allocated for stack space for this job. This number of bytes replaces the default allocation of 512 Mbytes.

StageOutFinish:

An attribute representing a Unix epoch time that is defined for a job that is spooled to a remote site using condor_submit -spool or HTCondor-C and causes HTCondor to hold the output in the spool while the job waits in the queue in the Completed state. This attribute is defined when retrieval of the output finishes.

StageOutStart:

An attribute representing a Unix epoch time that is defined for a job that is spooled to a remote site using condor_submit -spool or HTCondor-C and causes HTCondor to hold the output in the spool while the job waits in the queue in the Completed state. This attribute is defined when retrieval of the output begins.

StreamErr:

An attribute utilized only for grid universe jobs. The default value is True. If True, and TransferErr is True, then standard error is streamed back to the submit machine, instead of doing the transfer (as a whole) after the job completes. If False, then standard error is transferred back to the submit machine (as a whole) after the job completes. If TransferErr is False, then this job attribute is ignored.

StreamOut:

An attribute utilized only for grid universe jobs. The default value is True. If True, and TransferOut is True, then job output is streamed back to the submit machine, instead of doing the transfer (as a whole) after the job completes. If False, then job output is transferred back to the submit machine (as a whole) after the job completes. If TransferOut is False, then this job attribute is ignored.

SubmitterAutoregroup:

A boolean attribute defined by the condor_negotiator when it makes a match. It will be True if the resource was claimed via negotiation when the configuration variable GROUP_AUTOREGROUP was True. It will be False otherwise.

SubmitterGlobalJobId:

When HTCondor-C submits a job to a remote condor_schedd, it sets this attribute in the remote job ad to match the GlobalJobId attribute of the original, local job.

SubmitterGroup:

The accounting group name defined by the condor_negotiator when it makes a match.

SubmitterNegotiatingGroup:

The accounting group name under which the resource negotiated when it was claimed, as set by the condor_negotiator.

SuccessPreExitBySignal:

Specifies if a succesful pre command must exit with a signal.

SuccessPreExitCode:

Specifies the code with which the pre command must exit to be considered successful. Pre commands which are not successful cause the job to go on hold with ExitCode set to PreCmdExitCode. The exit status of a pre command without one of SuccessPreExitCode or SuccessPreExitSignal defined is ignored.

SuccessPreExitSignal:

Specifies the signal on which the pre command must exit be considered successful. Pre commands which are not successful cause the job to go on hold with ExitSignal set to PreCmdExitSignal. The exit status of a pre command without one of SuccessPreExitCode or SuccessPreExitSignal defined is ignored.

SuccessPostExitBySignal:

Specifies if a succesful post command must exit with a signal.

SuccessPostExitCode:

Specifies the code with which the post command must exit to be considered successful. Post commands which are not successful cause the job to go on hold with ExitCode set to PostCmdExitCode. The exit status of a post command without one of SuccessPostExitCode or SuccessPostExitSignal defined is ignored.

SuccessPostExitSignal:

Specifies the signal on which the post command must exit be considered successful. Post commands which are not successful cause the job to go on hold with ExitSignal set to PostCmdExitSignal. The exit status of a post command without one of SuccessPostExitCode or SuccessPostExitSignal defined is ignored.

TotalSuspensions:

A count of the number of times this job has been suspended during its lifetime.

TransferErr:

An attribute utilized only for grid universe jobs. The default value is True. If True, then the error output from the job is transferred from the remote machine back to the submit machine. The name of the file after transfer is the file referred to by job attribute Err. If False, no transfer takes place (remote to submit machine), and the name of the file is the file referred to by job attribute Err.

TransferExecutable:

An attribute utilized only for grid universe jobs. The default value is True. If True, then the job executable is transferred from the submit machine to the remote machine. The name of the file (on the submit machine) that is transferred is given by the job attribute Cmd. If False, no transfer takes place, and the name of the file used (on the remote machine) will be as given in the job attribute Cmd.

TransferIn:

An attribute utilized only for grid universe jobs. The default value is True. If True, then the job input is transferred from the submit machine to the remote machine. The name of the file that is transferred is given by the job attribute In. If False, then the job’s input is taken from a file on the remote machine (pre-staged), and the name of the file is given by the job attribute In.

TransferInputSizeMB:

The total size in Mbytes of input files to be transferred for the job. Files transferred via file transfer plug-ins are not included. This attribute is automatically set by condor_submit; jobs submitted via other submission methods, such as SOAP, may not define this attribute.

TransferOut:

An attribute utilized only for grid universe jobs. The default value is True. If True, then the output from the job is transferred from the remote machine back to the submit machine. The name of the file after transfer is the file referred to by job attribute Out. If False, no transfer takes place (remote to submit machine), and the name of the file is the file referred to by job attribute Out.

TransferringInput:

A boolean value that indicates whether the job is currently transferring input files. The value is Undefined if the job is not scheduled to run or has not yet attempted to start transferring input. When this value is True, to see whether the transfer is active or queued, check TransferQueued.

TransferringOutput:

A boolean value that indicates whether the job is currently transferring output files. The value is Undefined if the job is not scheduled to run or has not yet attempted to start transferring output. When this value is True, to see whether the transfer is active or queued, check TransferQueued.

TransferQueued:

A boolean value that indicates whether the job is currently waiting to transfer files because of limits placed by MAX_CONCURRENT_DOWNLOADS or MAX_CONCURRENT_UPLOADS .

UserLog:

The full path and file name on the submit machine of the log file of job events.

WantGracefulRemoval:

A boolean expression that, when True, specifies that a graceful shutdown of the job should be done when the job is removed or put on hold.

WindowsBuildNumber:

An integer, extracted from the platform type of the machine upon which this job is submitted, representing a build number for a Windows operating system. This attribute only exists for jobs submitted from Windows machines.

WindowsMajorVersion:

An integer, extracted from the platform type of the machine upon which this job is submitted, representing a major version number (currently 5 or 6) for a Windows operating system. This attribute only exists for jobs submitted from Windows machines.

WindowsMinorVersion:

An integer, extracted from the platform type of the machine upon which this job is submitted, representing a minor version number (currently 0, 1, or 2) for a Windows operating system. This attribute only exists for jobs submitted from Windows machines.

X509UserProxy:

The full path and file name of the file containing the X.509 user proxy.

X509UserProxyEmail:

For a job with an X.509 proxy credential, this is the email address extracted from the proxy.

X509UserProxyExpiration:

For a job that defines the submit description file command x509userproxy, this is the time at which the indicated X.509 proxy credential will expire, measured in the number of seconds since the epoch (00:00:00 UTC, Jan 1, 1970).

X509UserProxyFirstFQAN:

For a vanilla or grid universe job that defines the submit description file command x509userproxy, this is the VOMS Fully Qualified Attribute Name (FQAN) of the primary role of the credential. A credential may have multiple roles defined, but by convention the one listed first is the primary role.

X509UserProxyFQAN:

For a vanilla or grid universe job that defines the submit description file command x509userproxy, this is a serialized list of the DN and all FQAN. A comma is used as a separator, and any existing commas in the DN or FQAN are replaced with the string &comma;. Likewise, any ampersands in the DN or FQAN are replaced with &amp;.

X509UserProxySubject:

For a vanilla or grid universe job that defines the submit description file command x509userproxy, this attribute contains the Distinguished Name (DN) of the credential used to submit the job.

X509UserProxyVOName:

For a vanilla or grid universe job that defines the submit description file command x509userproxy, this is the name of the VOMS virtual organization (VO) that the user’s credential is part of.

The following job ClassAd attributes are relevant only for vm universe jobs.

VM_MACAddr:

The MAC address of the virtual machine’s network interface, in the standard format of six groups of two hexadecimal digits separated by colons. This attribute is currently limited to apply only to Xen virtual machines.

The following job ClassAd attributes appear in the job ClassAd only for the condor_dagman job submitted under DAGMan. They represent status information for the DAG.

DAG_InRecovery:

The value 1 if the DAG is in recovery mode, and The value 0 otherwise.

DAG_NodesDone:

The number of DAG nodes that have finished successfully. This means that the entire node has finished, not only an actual HTCondor job or jobs.

DAG_NodesFailed:

The number of DAG nodes that have failed. This value includes all retries, if there are any.

DAG_NodesPostrun:

The number of DAG nodes for which a POST script is running or has been deferred because of a POST script throttle setting.

DAG_NodesPrerun:

The number of DAG nodes for which a PRE script is running or has been deferred because of a PRE script throttle setting.

DAG_NodesQueued:

The number of DAG nodes for which the actual HTCondor job or jobs are queued. The queued jobs may be in any state.

DAG_NodesReady:

The number of DAG nodes that are ready to run, but which have not yet started running.

DAG_NodesTotal:

The total number of nodes in the DAG, including the FINAL node, if there is a FINAL node.

DAG_NodesUnready:

The number of DAG nodes that are not ready to run. This is a node in which one or more of the parent nodes has not yet finished.

DAG_Status:

The overall status of the DAG, with the same values as the macro $DAG_STATUS used in DAGMan FINAL nodes.

---

Value	Status
0	OK
1	error; an error condition different than those listed here
2	one or more nodes in the DAG have failed
3	the DAG has been aborted by an ABORT-DAG-ON specification
4	removed; the DAG has been removed by condor_rm
5	a cycle was found in the DAG
6	the DAG has been suspended (see section 2.10.8)

---

The following job ClassAd attributes do not appear in the job ClassAd as kept by the condor_schedd daemon. They appear in the job ClassAd written to the job’s execute directory while the job is running.

CpusProvisioned:

The number of Cpus allocated to the job. With statically-allocated slots, it is the number of Cpus allocated to the slot. With dynamically-allocated slots, it is based upon the job attribute RequestCpus, but may be larger due to the minimum given to a dynamic slot.

DiskProvisioned:

The amount of disk space in KiB allocated to the job. With statically-allocated slots, it is the amount of disk space allocated to the slot. With dynamically-allocated slots, it is based upon the job attribute RequestDisk, but may be larger due to the minimum given to a dynamic slot.

MemoryProvisioned:

The amount of memory in MiB allocated to the job. With statically-allocated slots, it is the amount of memory space allocated to the slot. With dynamically-allocated slots, it is based upon the job attribute RequestMemory, but may be larger due to the minimum given to a dynamic slot.

<Name>Provisioned:

The amount of the custom resource identified by <Name> allocated to the job. For jobs using GPUs, <Name> will be GPUs. With statically-allocated slots, it is the amount of the resource allocated to the slot. With dynamically-allocated slots, it is based upon the job attribute Request<Name>, but may be larger due to the minimum given to a dynamic slot.

⇐ ↙ ↑ ⇑ ⇒ Contents Index