<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE dataset SYSTEM "http://tarantella.gsfc.nasa.gov/xml/dataset_048.dtd">
<dataset subject="astronomy" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/XML/XLink/0.9">
	<title>Abundances in planetary nebulae near the galactic centre.
I. Abundance determinations</title>
	<altname type="ADC">J/A+AS/126/297</altname>
		<altname type="CDS">J/A+AS/126/297</altname>
		<altname type="brief">PN abundances</altname>
	<reference>
		<source>
<journal>
	<title>Abundances in planetary nebulae near the galactic centre.
I. Abundance determinations</title>
	<author>
			<initial>M</initial>
			<initial>A</initial>
			<lastName>Ratag</lastName></author>
	<author>
			<initial>S</initial>
			<initial>R</initial>
			<lastName>Pottach</lastName></author>
	<author>
			<initial>M</initial>
			<lastName>Dennefeld</lastName></author>
	<author>
			<initial>J</initial>
			<lastName>Menzies</lastName></author>
	<name>Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser.</name>
	<volume>126</volume>
	<pageno>297</pageno>
		<date>
			<year>1997</year></date>
	<bibcode>1997A&amp;AS..126..297R</bibcode></journal></source>
	<related>
			<holding role="similar">V/84 : Strasbourg-ESO Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae (Acker+, 1992)<xlink:simple href="V/84"/></holding></related></reference>
	<keywords parentListURL="http://messier.gsfc.nasa.gov/xml/keywordlists/adc_keywords.html">
			<keyword xlink:href="Abundances.html">Abundances</keyword>
			<keyword xlink:href="Planetary_nebulae.html">Planetary nebulae</keyword></keywords>
	<keywords parentListURL="http://messier.gsfc.nasa.gov/xml/keywordlists/apj_keywords.html">
			<keyword xlink:href="Galaxy_center.html">Galaxy: center</keyword>
			<keyword xlink:href="ISM_abundances.html">ISM: abundances</keyword>
			<keyword xlink:href="planetary_nebulae_general.html">planetary nebulae: general</keyword></keywords>
	<descriptions>
				<abstract>
					<para>
    Abundance determinations of about 110 planetary nebulae, which are
    likely to be in the Galactic Bulge are presented. Plasma diagnostics
    have been performed by making use of the available forbidden line
    ratios combined with radio continuum measurements. Chemical abundances
    of He, O, N, Ne, S, Ar, and Cl are then derived by employing
    theoretical nebular models as interpolation devices in establishing
    the ionization correction factors (ICFs) used to estimate the
    distribution of atoms among unobserved ionization stages. The overall
    agreement between the results derived by using the model-ICFs and
    those obtained from the theoretical models is reasonably good. The
    uncertainties related to the total abundances show a clear dependence
    on the level of excitation. In most cases, the abundances of chlorine
    can be derived only in objects with a relatively high Cl-abundance.
    Contrary to the conclusion previously drawn by Webster
    (1988MNRAS.230..377W), we found the excitation classes are not
    uniformly distributed. A clear peak at about classes 5 and 6 is
    noticed. The distribution is shifted toward a lower excitation range
    with respect to that of the nearby nebulae, reflecting the difference
    in the central star temperature distribution between the two samples.</para></abstract>
                        <details/></descriptions>
	<tableHead>
		<tableLinks>
				<tableLink xlink:href="pos2000">
	<title>Planetary nebulae J2000 positions</title></tableLink></tableLinks>
	<fields>
		<field>
			<name>PK</name>
			<definition>PK name</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>RAh</name>
			<definition>Right ascension (J2000)</definition>
			<units>h</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>RAm</name>
			<definition>Right ascension (J2000)</definition>
			<units>min</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>RAs</name>
			<definition>Right ascension (J2000)</definition>
			<units>s</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>DE-</name>
			<definition>Declination sign</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>DEd</name>
			<definition>Declination (J2000)</definition>
			<units>deg</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>DEm</name>
			<definition>Declination (J2000)</definition>
			<units>arcmin</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>DEs</name>
			<definition>Declination (J2000)</definition>
			<units>arcsec</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>Name</name>
			<definition>PK name in Simbad</definition>
			<units>---</units></field></fields></tableHead>
	<tableHead>
		<tableLinks>
				<tableLink xlink:href="table1">
	<title>Line Intensities corrected for interstellar
                                  extinction</title></tableLink></tableLinks>
	<fields>
		<field>
			<name>PN</name>
			<definition>Planetary nebula name</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>Lambda</name>
			<definition>Wavelength</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>Ident</name>
			<definition>Wavelength identification</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>l_Int</name>
			<definition>Limit lfag on Int</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>Int</name>
			<definition>Line intensity
	<footnote footnoteId="???"><para>number=2</para>
			<para>Additional and adopted line intensities: Line intensities of the
 wavelengths marked with "w" are adopted from Webster (1988MNRAS.230..377W),
 while those with "a" from Aller and Keyes (1987ApJS...65..405A).
  0-2.3   5007w, 5755w
  0+3.1   4712w, 4740w
  1-3.1   5007w, 6300w, 5698=1.04
  2-6.1   6300a
  2-4.2   4648=3.8, 5150=0.53, 5412=1.68, 5665+5680=2.6, 7236=1.36 ([ArIV], CII)
  2-4.1   9069=18.0, 9532=48.0
  2-3.5   3868a, 4471a
  2-3.3   4415=1.1; 4553=1.52; 4570=1.62; 4681=3.9, 5698=2.8;
           Central star is probably a Wolf-Rayet.
  2-2.4   5517a, 5537a
  3-4.9   5412=2.2, 7236=1.1 ([ArIV],CII)
  3-4.4   4648=3.8, 5412=4.2
  4-22.1  Sum 4640-4648=7.4
  6+4.2   5810=28.6 (broad)
  6+8.1   4570=0.74; 7236=0.26 ([ArIV],CII)
  7-4.1   3727a, 3968a, 5698=1.65
  12-2.1  5698=1.37
  349+4.1 4415=5.6
  351+5.1 7236=0.77: ([ArIVl,CII)
  353+6.2 6300a
  355-6.1 5412=0.52
  355-4.2 5517w, 5537w, 7236=0.7: ([ArIV],CII)
  355-2.3 3425=87.1. Peculiar, if this is originated from [NeV], since no HeII
           line is detected.
  357-7.1 4640w, 4686w
  358+1.1 4686w, 4712w, 5755w
  359-4.2 3425=251 (see remarks for PK 355-2.3)
  359-2.3 5412=1.37
  359-1.2 5876w
  359-1.1 5412=3.1, 7012=1.70, sum (5517+5537)w
  3-4.3   3727a, 4471a, 5876a, 6678a, 6717a, 6731a
  3+3.1   5696=1.86:
  4+6.2   7080=1.02
  357+4.1 Sum (6717 +6731)w
  359-2.4 4712w, 5200w, 6312w, 7325w
  359+3.4 5412=7.8, 7005=6.0
</para></footnote></definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>u_Int</name>
			<definition>Note
	<footnote footnoteId="???"><para>number=1</para>
			<para>':' Uncertainty flag
          '?' Line not observed
          '*' Saturated line
          'b' Blended with the preceding or next line</para></footnote></definition>
			<units>---</units></field></fields></tableHead>
	<tableHead>
		<tableLinks>
				<tableLink xlink:href="table2a">
	<title>Fundamental data of the newly observed objects</title></tableLink>
				<tableLink xlink:href="table2b">
	<title>Fundamental data of the objects with published
                                  spectra</title></tableLink></tableLinks>
	<fields>
		<field>
			<name>PK</name>
			<definition>PK number</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>Name</name>
			<definition>Planetary nebula name</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>Class</name>
			<definition>Exc. class</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>l_S6cm</name>
			<definition>Limit flag on S6cm</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>S6cm</name>
			<definition>Flux density at 6cm</definition>
			<units>mJy</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>u_S6cm</name>
			<definition>Uncertainty flag on S6cm</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>logF(Hbeta)</name>
			<definition>H{beta} flux</definition>
			<units>[mW/m2]</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>u_logF(Hbeta)</name>
			<definition>Uncertainty flag on logF(Hbeta)</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>l_Diam</name>
			<definition>Limit flag on Diam</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>Diam</name>
			<definition>Diameter</definition>
			<units>arcsec</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>E(B-V)B</name>
			<definition>Extinction E(B-V) from Balmer line</definition>
			<units>mag</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>E(B-V)r</name>
			<definition>Extinction E(B-V) from radio/H{beta}</definition>
			<units>mag</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>u_E(B-V)r</name>
			<definition>Uncertainty flag on E(B-V)r</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>Te[OIII]</name>
			<definition>Electron temperature from [OIII]</definition>
			<units>10+4K</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>Te[NII]</name>
			<definition>Electron temperature from [NII]</definition>
			<units>10+4K</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>u_Te[NII]</name>
			<definition>Uncertainty flag on Te[NII]</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>Te</name>
			<definition>Average electron temperature</definition>
			<units>10+4K</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>u_Te</name>
			<definition>Uncertainty flag on Te</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>Ne</name>
			<definition>Electron density</definition>
			<units>10+3cm-3</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>Vlsr</name>
			<definition>LSR velocity</definition>
			<units>km/s</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>Fl/F(Hbeta)</name>
			<definition>F_lambda_(5325A)/F(H{beta}) ratio</definition>
			<units>10+7m-1</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>FIR</name>
			<definition>Total IR flux</definition>
			<units>10-13W/m2</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>IRE</name>
			<definition>IR excess</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>Ref</name>
			<definition>References
	<footnote footnoteId="???"><para>number=1</para>
			<para>A: Acker et al. (1989A&amp;AS...80..201A)
          A2: Acker et al. (1989A&amp;AS...77..487A)
          AK: Aaquist and Kwok (1990A&amp;AS...84..229A)
         AK1: Aller and Keyes (1987ApJS...65..405A)
          AL: Allen (1979Obs....99...83A)
           G: Gathier et al. (1983A&amp;A...128..325G)
         KFL: Kinman et al. (1988AJ.....95..804K)
          MA: Milne and Aller (1975A&amp;A....38..183M, 1982A&amp;AS...50..209M)
           P: Pottasch et al. (1988A&amp;A...205..248P)
          PK: Perek and Kohoutek (1967PKCat.C......1P)
           R: Ratag et al. (1990A&amp;A...233..181R)
           S: Schneider et al. (1983ApJS...52..399S)
          SK: Shaw and Kaler (1989ApJS...69..495S)
           W: Webster (1988MNRAS.230..377W)
         W83: Webster (1983PASP...95..610W)
           Z: Zilstra et al. (1989IAUS..131..210Z)
</para></footnote></definition>
			<units>---</units></field></fields></tableHead>
	<tableHead>
		<tableLinks>
				<tableLink xlink:href="table5">
	<title>Adopted abundances for the nebulae</title></tableLink>
				<tableLink xlink:href="table6">
	<title>Abundances from the literature</title></tableLink></tableLinks>
	<fields>
		<field>
			<name>PK</name>
			<definition>PK name</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>Name</name>
			<definition>Other name</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>[He]</name>
			<definition>Adopted He abundance</definition>
			<units>[Sun]</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>n_[He]</name>
			<definition>Note on [He]</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>[O]</name>
			<definition>Adopted O abundance</definition>
			<units>[Sun]</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>n_[O]</name>
			<definition>Note on [O]</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>[N]</name>
			<definition>Adopted N abundance</definition>
			<units>[Sun]</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>n_[N]</name>
			<definition>Note on [N]</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>[Ne]</name>
			<definition>Adopted Ne abundance</definition>
			<units>[Sun]</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>n_[Ne]</name>
			<definition>Note on [Ne]</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>[S]</name>
			<definition>Adopted S abundance</definition>
			<units>[Sun]</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>n_[S]</name>
			<definition>Note on [S]</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>[Ar]</name>
			<definition>Adopted Ar abundance</definition>
			<units>[Sun]</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>n_[Ar]</name>
			<definition>Note on [Ar]</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>u_[Ar]</name>
			<definition>Uncertainty flag on [Ar]</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>[Cl]</name>
			<definition>Adopted Cl abundance</definition>
			<units>[Sun]</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>n_[Cl]</name>
			<definition>Note on [Cl]</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>Teff</name>
			<definition>Effective temperature</definition>
			<units>10+3K</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>logg</name>
			<definition>Surface gravity</definition>
			<units>[cm/s2]</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>Notes</name>
			<definition>Notes
	<footnote footnoteId="???"><para>number=1</para>
			<para>(1) Kurucz (1979ApJS...40....1K)
          (2) Clegg and Middlemass (1987MNRAS.228..759C)
          (3) Husfeld et al. (1984A&amp;A...134..139H)
          (4) Planckian distribution.
          (5) The derived electron temperature, Te, is uncertain.
          (6) The electron density, Ne is derived from [ArIV] doublet.
          (7) The adopted electron density is uncertain.
          (8) The faintness, due to the very large interstellar extinction
                and/or due to the intrinsically low surface brightness of the
                nebula, causes the line intensities blueward of H{beta} to be
                poorly determined.
          (9) The observed line intensity ratio of
               [OII]{lambda}3727/{lambda}3725 cannot be reproduced by the model.
               The line intensity at {lambda}7325 predicted by the model is much
               lower than the observed one. Dielectronic recombination may play
               an important role (Rubin, 1986ApJ...309..334R).
</para></footnote></definition>
			<units>---</units></field></fields></tableHead>
	
	<history>
		<ingest>
	
			<creator>
				<lastName>Patricia Bauer</lastName>
				<affiliation>CDS</affiliation></creator>
	<date>
		<year>1997</year><month>Oct</month><day>14</day></date></ingest>
		
		<revisions>
	<revision>
		<creator>
			<lastName>UNKNOWN</lastName></creator>
		<date><year>UNKNOWN</year></date>
		<para> Prepared via OCR at CDS.</para></revision></revisions></history>
	<identifier>J_A+AS_126_297.xml</identifier></dataset>
