<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE dataset SYSTEM "http://tarantella.gsfc.nasa.gov/xml/dataset_048.dtd">
<dataset subject="astronomy" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/XML/XLink/0.9">
	<title>Samples of ultra-steep spectrum radio sources</title>
	<altname type="ADC">J/A+AS/108/79</altname>
		<altname type="CDS">J/A+AS/108/79</altname>
		<altname type="brief">Ultra-steep spectrum radiosources</altname>
	<reference>
		<source>
<journal>
	<title>Samples of ultra-steep spectrum radio sources</title>
	<author>
			<initial>H</initial>
			<initial>J</initial>
			<initial>A</initial>
			<lastName>Roettgering</lastName></author>
	<author>
			<initial>M</initial>
			<lastName>Lacy</lastName></author>
	<author>
			<initial>G</initial>
			<initial>K</initial>
			<lastName>Miley</lastName></author>
	<author>
			<initial>K</initial>
			<initial>C</initial>
			<lastName>Chambers</lastName></author>
	<author>
			<initial>R</initial>
			<lastName>Saunders</lastName></author>
	<name>Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser.</name>
	<volume>108</volume>
	<pageno>79</pageno>
		<date>
			<year>1994</year></date>
	<bibcode>1994A&amp;AS..108...79R</bibcode></journal></source></reference>
	<keywords parentListURL="http://messier.gsfc.nasa.gov/xml/keywordlists/adc_keywords.html">
			<keyword xlink:href="Radio_sources.html">Radio sources</keyword></keywords>
	<keywords parentListURL="http://messier.gsfc.nasa.gov/xml/keywordlists/apj_keywords.html">
			<keyword xlink:href="surveys.html">surveys</keyword>
			<keyword xlink:href="galaxies_active.html">galaxies: active</keyword>
			<keyword xlink:href="radio_continuum_galaxies.html">radio continuum: galaxies</keyword></keywords>
	<descriptions>
				<description>
				<para>
    Radio sources  with ultra-steep spectra (USS;  spectral index &lt;~ -1.0)
    have been found to be excellent tracers of galaxies at redshifts z>~2.
    The  samples are selected from the set of catalogues referenced below,
    in a range of frequencies from 38 to 408MHz; they are are fainter by a
    factor of three  than  the  previously  well-studied  samples  of  USS
    sources from  4C. Snapshot observations of  sources from these samples
    have  been made with the VLA at 1.5arcsec resolution and are presented
    in the printed paper.
    The  list of the sources (Appendix A of the paper) includes positions,
    flux  densities and radio structures for a total number of 605 sources
    derived from these observations.</para></description>
                        <details/></descriptions>
	<tableHead>
		<tableLinks>
				<tableLink xlink:href="source">
	<title>Source list</title></tableLink></tableLinks>
	<fields>
		<field>
			<name>Samples</name>
			<definition>Name of the samples to which the source
                                  belongs
	<footnote footnoteId="???"><para>number=1</para>
			<para>the 9 samples are defined in Table 4 of the paper;
          the names are related to the lowest frequency (MHz):
     408A, 408B, 365A, 365B, 178, 151I, 38A, 38B, 38C</para></footnote></definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>Name</name>
			<definition>Source name in IAU B1950.0 format</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>m_Name</name>
			<definition>Component designator
	<footnote footnoteId="???"><para>number=2</para>
			<para>the component indicator may be:
     - a number indicates that the component belongs to the main
       central radio source. A 'c' after a number indicates that
       this component is probably the core component.
     - a letter indicates that the object is bright (presumably)
       serendipitous source visible in the VLA map in a 4'x4' region
       surrounding the source.</para></footnote></definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>RAh</name>
			<definition>Right ascension J2000</definition>
			<units>h</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>RAm</name>
			<definition>Right ascension J2000</definition>
			<units>min</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>RAs</name>
			<definition>Right ascension J2000</definition>
			<units>s</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>DE-</name>
			<definition>Declination sign</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>DEd</name>
			<definition>Declination J2000</definition>
			<units>deg</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>DEm</name>
			<definition>Declination J2000</definition>
			<units>arcmin</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>DEs</name>
			<definition>Declination J2000</definition>
			<units>arcsec</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>RAh1950</name>
			<definition>Right ascension B1950</definition>
			<units>h</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>RAm1950</name>
			<definition>Right ascension B1950</definition>
			<units>min</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>RAs1950</name>
			<definition>Right ascension B1950</definition>
			<units>s</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>DE-1950</name>
			<definition>Declination sign</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>DEd1950</name>
			<definition>Declination B1950</definition>
			<units>deg</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>DEm1950</name>
			<definition>Declination B1950</definition>
			<units>arcmin</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>DEs1950</name>
			<definition>Declination B1950</definition>
			<units>arcsec</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>Speak</name>
			<definition>Peak brightness</definition>
			<units>mJy</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>Sint</name>
			<definition>Integrated flux density</definition>
			<units>mJy</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>R</name>
			<definition>Ratio of the integrated VLA flux density
                                      to the flux density obtained from the
                                      NRAO Green Bank 1400 MHz</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>alpha(l)</name>
			<definition>Low frequency spectral index</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>e_alpha(l)</name>
			<definition>Rms uncertainty on alpha(l)</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>alpha(h)</name>
			<definition>High frequency spectral index</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>e_alpha(h)</name>
			<definition>Rms uncertainty on alpha(h)</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>Cat</name>
			<definition>Radio catalogues that have been used in
                                  the spectral index calculations
	<footnote footnoteId="???"><para>number=3</para>
			<para>the catalogues are
   a: 8C(38 MHz)     &lt;1990MNRAS.244..233R>
   b: PKS(80 MHz)    &lt;VIII/15>
   c: 6C2(151 MHz)   &lt;VIII/21>
   d: PKS(178 MHz)   &lt;VIII/15>
   e: TXS(365 MHz)  The Texas Survey (see Douglas et al, 1980,
                    Univ. Texas Publ. in Astronomy 17, 1)
   f: TXS:BWE(365 MHz)
   g: PKS(408 MHz)   &lt;VIII/15>
   h: MRC(408 Mhz)   &lt;VIII/16>
   i: NRAO(1400 MHz) &lt;VIII/6>
   j: WB(1400 MHz)   &lt;VIII/17>
   k: PKS(1410 MHz)  &lt;VIII/15>
   l: VLA(1465 MHz)
   m: PKS(2700 MHz)  &lt;VIII/15>
   n: NRAO(4850 MHz) &lt;VIII/6>
   o: 87GB(4580 MHz) &lt;VIII/14>
   p: BWE(4589 MHz)  &lt;VIII/13>
   q: WB(4580 MHz)   &lt;VIII/17>
   r: PKS(5000 MHz)  &lt;VIII/15></para></footnote></definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>n_Cat</name>
			<definition>Notes on catalogues
	<footnote footnoteId="???"><para>number=4</para>
			<para>Various flags indicating catalogue problems and/or confusion:
     Flags a to h have been directly copied from three catalogues
      at 1400 and 4850 MHz (WB, BWE and 87GB).
     Flags r to x indicate inconsistencies and  how various upper
      limits have been treated.
    *: The spectral index/indices is/are unreliable, since there are
        warnings in one of the three 1400/4580 MHz catalogues (a to h)
        and/or there is a bright confusing source in the VLA field (z)
    a: In WB a 1400 MHz source is reported to match more than one 1400 MHz
        or 365 MHz source so that confusion is likely
    b: In WB a 1400 MHz source is reported to be extended at  1400 MHz
    c: In WB a 1400 MHz source is reported to be extended at 4850 MHz
    d: In BWE a 4850 MHz  source is reported to be extended at 4850 MHz
       Note that the flags c and d are not always simultaneously present
    e: In the BWE the separation between the NRAO 4850 MHz and the
        Texas 365 MHz positions is reported to be greater than 100 arcsecs
    f: In 87GB a source is reported to be extended or a blend of two or
        more point sources (Flag E in the original catalogue)
    g: In 87GB  a source has a warning that it is a weak source with a
        large zero offset, a narrow minor axis, or possibly confused;
        less reliable than most (Flag W in the original catalogue)
    h: In 87GB  a source is reported to be confused (Flag C in the
        original catalogue)
    q: Difference of 4850 MHz flux densities of 87GB  and our fitting
        routines are greater than 10 mJy
    r: Difference in the 365 MHz flux densities from the version of the
        Texas catalogue that we used and the version that WB used
    u: Since no Texas flux density is present in WB catalogue, we used the
        flux density from our version of the Texas Catalogue
    v: No 1400 MHz flux densities in WB
    w: Since no 4850 MHz flux densities is present in WB, we used
        the 87GB 4850 MHz flux density
    x: No WB and 87GB 4850 MHz flux densities. Our determination for
        the 4850 MHz NRAO flux densities is used if
        this flux density >15mJy
    z: A bright serendipitous source in the VLA field

  Notes on individual sources:
   0141+356 A serendipitous double radio galaxy in the field is present
             about 1.5 minutes from components `1' and `2'.
   0309-047 Component `A' is probably serendipitous.
   0707+810 This is resolved into two separate sources. The northern source has
             an asymmetric FRII structure; the southern a bright central
             component and low surface brightness lobes just detectable on the
             low-resolution VLA map.  CLFST observations show that both sources
             have similar fluxes at 151-MHz (~100 mJy for the northern source
             and ~150 mJy for the southern), but the southern source has a
             steeper spectral index; hence this object should dominate the flux
             at the selection frequency of 38-MHz.
   0906+691 The VLA map shows three diffuse components; a CLFST map shows two
             distinct sources, the southern of which is resolved into two
             components and may therefore either be a single large source or
             two smaller ones.
   1127+831 A Ryle Telescope map at 5GHz [calibrated and analysed as detailed in
             Lacy et al. (1993)] only detects component 1, but shows it to have
             a very steep radio spectrum (alpha^{1490}^_{5000}_=-1.1),
             suggesting that it is some form of hotspot.
   1227+609 It is not clear whether the three components are related.
   1323+080 It is not clear if component `2' is real.
   1345-309 Diffuse radio source. Coordinates are derived from the moments of
             the source brightness.
   1350+635 This 80 arcsec source has a faint central component and diffuse
             lobes which barely show up on the VLA map. CLFST observations
             confirm the presence of the lobes.
   1436+157 The double radio galaxy with components 'A' and 'B' is probably not
             related to the double radio galaxy with components '1' and '2'.
   1611+452 It is not clear whether the three components belong to one source.
   1652+027 Two components separated by 233", so may not be  a single source.
   1659+440 Component A probably is probably a separate serendipitous source.
   1718+630 Component '1' serendipitous or related to double radio source?
   1942+631 Component A related to central radio source ?
   2207+038 It is not clear whether the two components belong to one source.
   2324+071 Diffuse double lobed radio source. Position of lobes measure from
             the tapered maps.
   2335-125 It is not clear whether the two components belong to one source.
</para></footnote></definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>Mul</name>
			<definition>D = double, P = point source,
                                          T = triple DF = diffuse, M = complex</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>l_Size</name>
			<definition>Limit flag on Size</definition>
			<units>---</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>Size</name>
			<definition>Angular size measured from VLA maps</definition>
			<units>arcsec</units></field>
		<field>
			<name>PA</name>
			<definition>Position angle measured from VLA maps</definition>
			<units>deg</units></field></fields></tableHead>
	
			<textFile xlink:href="source.tex"><name>source.tex</name><description><para>LaTeX version of source</para></description></textFile>
	<history>
		<ingest>
	
			<creator>
				<lastName>Patricia Bauer</lastName>
				<affiliation>CDS</affiliation></creator>
	<date>
		<year>1994, rev. Francois Ochsenbein   19-Aug-1996</year><month>Jul</month><day>01</day></date></ingest>
		</history>
	<identifier>J_A+AS_108_79.xml</identifier></dataset>
