7108C VII/108C Asteroids II Machine-Readable Data Base R P Binzel T Gehrels M S Matthews The Univer. Arizona Press, Tucson, p. 997 ??? ??? 1989 1989 Asteroids This data set was assembled by E. F. Tedesco, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, in March 1988 from files provided by the contributors to the above reference. Included are asteroid names and discovery circumstances, proper elements and family identifications, asteroid lightcurve parameters, asteroid pole determinations, taxonomic classes, absolute magnitudes and slope parameters, UBV color indices, and albedos and diameters from the IRAS Asteroid and Comet Survey. The asteroid discovery tables were updated by F. Pilcher in 1994.

The Asteroids 11 data base presented herein is a compilation of asteroid data published, or in press, as of March 1988 with some updates in early 1989 except, as mentioned, the asteroid discovery tables. It is by no means all-inclusive. Excluded are data sets which have remained essentially unchanged since their publication in Asteroids (Gehrels 1979). These include the spectral reflectance and spectral parameter data sets (Chapman and Gaffey 1979), and the polarimetric and groundbased radiometric data sets (Morrison and Zellner 1979). The primary changes from the book are the omission of the asteroid proper elements by Z. Knezevic and A. Milani. A few columns in other tables were omitted of added. The new discovery data set was assembled by E. F. Tedesco, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, in March 1988. The discovery file has been updated twice and the possibility exists that some of the other files were updated prior to publication or will be updated in the future. For this reason, references to data obtained from these files should reference them explicitly. For example a reference to the rotation data base might read "Lagerkvist, C.-I., Harris, A.W., and Zappala, V. (1987). Asteroids II machine-readable data base: acquired from the ADC (catalog 7108C) in December 1997" in the references section. Naturally, a datum on an individual asteroid, at least one you are discussing in detail, should reference the original source. Although an attempt has been made to provide the information required to provide a minimum understanding of the data, the researcher is urged to refer to the more detailed discussions in the published volume.

num Number of minor planet --- name Name of minor planet --- pre_name Preliminary name --- year Year of discovery yr mon Month of discovery yr/12 day Day of discovery (in month) d dis_name Name of discoverer --- dis_pl Place of discovery --- note Reference to note Notes referencing two or more discoverers with names of combined length too great to fit in the discoverer column, to give a more complete description of programs involving several persons, and to reference cases in which two numbered planets were subsequently discovered to be identical and the number and name of one of these was re-assigned to a newly discovered planet. Notes have also been used to reference conflicting discovery claims and list important independent discoveries which are no longer regarded as official. --- MPC Reference to Minor Planet Cir. References the Minor Planet Circular or Circulars in which information concerning the discovery circumstances and/or name assignment, and occasional error corrections, was first published. The author first listed these references only on 1988 Feb 2 with the publication of MPC 12781. Previously this table had been maintained without references to the original literature. Adding references from earlier publications remains a task for the future (if ever). Would anyone else like to contribute to this important assignment? --- ID Note number If bytes 1-3 are blank, the note is a continuation of the preceding line. --- note Note --- ID Asteroid number --- a Semimajor axis of orbit AU e Eccentricity --- sin_i Sine of inclination --- wbar Proper longit. of perihelion (1950.0) deg anode Proper long., ascending node (1950.0) deg dwbar Rate of longitude of perihelion arcsec/a dnode Rate of longitude of node arcsec/a res Note indicating resonance or sp. case See proper.txt. This is particularly important if this field is not blank. --- dMars Closest colinear distance to Mars AU dJup Closest colinear distance to Jupiter AU u_ID Quality code for Palomar-Leiden astr. Quality code reserved for Palomar-Leiden asteroids. Values 1, 2, 3, 4, X, 0 are in decreasing order of accuracy. see Palomar-Leiden survey for details. A blank, not a zero, is used for numbered asteroids. --- family Family identity if appropriate --- r_ID Reference number --- ID Asteroid number --- name Asteroid name --- n_per Limit sign for period --- per Period The period for 288 Glauke is 1150. and is in the bytes 28-32. h n_mag_1 Limit sign for mag_1 --- mag_1 First mag., amplitude or variation mag lim Separator or limit sign --- mag_2 Second mag., amplitude or variation mag n_mag_2 Uncertainty note on mag_2 --- n_mag Reliability code The Reliability Codes are as follows: 1 = Very tentative result, may be completely wrong. 2 = Reasonably secure result, based on over half coverage of the lightcurve. 3 = Secure result, full lightcurve coverage, no ambiguity of period. 4 = Multiple apparition coverage, pole position reported. --- rem Remarks code The Remarks Codes are as follows: 3 = Number of extrema per rotation cycle (e.g., 1, 3). Unless otherwise noted, two per cycle is assumed. A = Ambiguous period. The "most likely" period is listed, with other possibilities listed in a footnote ordered by asteroid number, below. D = Rotation period "determined" from published data, but not given by author(s) of original data. F = Footnote, below, ordered by asteroid number, containing additional information. N = No lightcurve published. P = Photographic photometry. V = Visual photometry. --- r_ID Reference codes All references to the asteroid are cited by number in the reference file, in chronological order. The last few citations are the most recent, and should be the most useful for evaluating the current state of knowledge of a given asteroid. --- ID Reference number If ID is blank, the record is a continuation of the preceding record. --- ref Reference --- ID Asteroid number --- n_ID Source of basic data A = Amplitudes of lightcurves; D = Individual data-points of photometric lightcurves; E = Epochs (e.g., times of lightcurve extreme); F = Fourier coefficients of photometric lightcurves; I = Infrared pre- and post-opposition differences; M = Magnitudes (usually at maximum light); O = 0ccultation observations; P = Infrared polarimetry; R = Radar observations; S = Speckle interferometry; V = Visual position angles; Z = Zero and nonzero amplitude apparitions implying pole-on view in former case. --- par1 Possible parenthesis --- RA_pole Right ascension of pole Pole Coordinates are given in the ecliptical reference frame of equinox 1950. deg u_pole indicates discordant positions --- DE-_pole Declination of pole - sign --- DE_pole Declination of pole deg n_pole Possible parenthesis or discord --- spin_dir Spin direction The sense of rotation is termed indeterminate (1) when the spin direction is known, but the accuracy of the pole coordinates is insufficient to give an unambiguous sense of rotation, or the pole is so close to the ecliptic and/or orbital plane that forced precession will cause the sense of rotation to alternate with time. --- par2 Possible parenthesis --- par3 Possible parenthesis --- RA2_pole Right ascension of pole deg DE2-_pole Declination of pole - sign --- DE2_pole Declination of pole deg spin_dir2 Spin direction --- par4 Possible parenthesis --- n_pole2 Note on pole position A = concentric ring region B = aspect circle C = at least one pole position rejected --- rot Sense of rotation - = Sense of rotation not determined; P = Prograde rotation; R = Retrograde rotation; I = Indeterminate case. M = Moving --- per Period of rotation d n_per Mean of discordant periods = * --- u_per indicates discordant periods --- par7 Possible parenthesis or limit --- a/b Model axial ratio --- par8 Possible parenthesis --- par5 Possible parenthesis --- b/c Model axial ratio --- par6 Possible parenthesis --- n_shape Note on shape * = Mean value of two significantly different solutions (or discordant shape?) ? = One or both shapes questionable E = flat region F = see ref. G = "kettle" H = rnd. cyl. J = complex --- r_ID Reference codes --- ID Reference identification If ID is blank, the record is a continuation of the preceding record. --- ref Reference --- ID Asteroid number --- name Asteroid name --- Th_cl Tholen class The following notation appears in the classifications: U suffix indicating an unusual spectrum; falls far from cluster center : suffix indicating noisy data :: suffix indicating very noisy data --- indicates data that are too noisy to permit classification (essentially all types would be allowed) --- n_Th_cl Uncertainty note on Th_cl --- Bar_cl Barucci class --- group Asteroid group Due to popular demand, orbital group designations have been included in this table. The 2- or 3-letter abbreviations stand for the following groups: ATE Aten APO Apollo AMO Amor MC Mars crosser HUN Hungaria PHO Phocaea GRI Griqua CYB Cybele HIL Hilda TRO Trojan --- n_ID Note on asteroid 1: 13 Egeria. Tholen (1984) listed classification as CG. C eliminated on the basis of 24-color data. 2: 192 Nausikaa. Tholen (1984) listed classification as RS. R eliminated on the basis of 24-color data. 3: 344 Desiderata. Tholen (1984) listed classification as CSU. SU eliminated on the basis of 24-color data. 4: 515 Athalia. Tholen (1984) listed classification as U. Changed to I as explained in the introduction to the printed article. on the basis of 24-color data. 5: 3200 Phaethon. From Tholen (1985) 6: 3551 1983 RD, 3352 1983 SA, and 1984 BC. Unpublished data of Tholen cited in Hartmann et al. (1987). 7: 3908 1980 PA and 4055 1985 DO2. From Tholen et al. (1988) 8: 1975 U2. Not a proper provisional designation. Data taken from TRIAD UBV table as published by Bowell et al. (1979). In turn, they took the data from unpublished observations by Tedesco. It is not known what this object really is. --- ID Minor planet number Asteroids numbered through 3318 are included. There is one record for each asteroid. --- Mag Mean visual absolute magnitude The visual absolute magnitude from the IRAS ground-based input data set. These differ from the blue absolute magnitudes (HB) given in final data product No. 4. In many cases they also differ from those published in the 1988 Russian ephemeris. mag slope Slope parameter The slope parameter from the IRAS ground-based input data set. In many cases these differ from those published in the 1988 Russian ephemeris. mag q_slope Quality of slope (3 highest) The quality code for the absolute magnitude and slope parameter. 3 is best and 1 worst. --- U-B U-B color The U-B color index from IRAS Asteroid and Comet Survey final data product 13. The quality codes for the UBV colors were obtained as follows: Quality Code For sigma 0 > 0.05 magnitude 1 <= 0.05 but > 0.03 magnitude 2 <= 0.03 but > 0.02 magnitude, and 3 <= 0.02 magnitude 4 <= 0.02 magnitude and good agreement between results from references 1 and 2. mag q_U-B Quality of U-B --- B-V B-V color mag q_B-V Quality of B-V --- r_B-V Source of colors The reference for the UBV color(s): 1 = Bowell et al. (1979) In Asteroids (T. Gehrels, ed.), pp. 1108-1129. ("TRIAD") 2 = Zellner et al. (1985) Icarus 61, 355-416. ("ECAS") 3 = Weighted mean of values from references 1 and 2. --- albedo Visual geometric albedo Visual geometric albedo from IRAS Asteroid and Comet Survey final data product No. 4 --- e_albedo Standard deviation of albedo One sigma formal uncertainty in the visual geometric albedo from IRAS Asteroid and Comet Survey final data product No. 4 --- diam Diameter Diameter (in km) and one sigma uncertainty from IRAS Asteroid and Comet Survey final data product No. 4 km e_diam Standard deviation of diameter km sight Number of sightings Number of IRAS observations used in computing the albedo and diameter (from IRAS Asteroid and Comet Survey final data product No. 4) --- discover.txt*Additional information on discover.dat lightcrv.txt*Additional information on lightcrv.dat pole.txt*Additional information on pole.dat taxonomy.txt*Additional information on taxonomy.dat N.G. Roman ADC/SSDOO 1997Oct03 VII_108C.xml