Tamil Linux HOWTOV.Venkataramananvenkat@tamillinux.org
Jan 2003
2002, 2003V. Venkataramanan1.02003-02-14venkatInitial release, reviewed by LDP0.92003-1-21venkatChanges made to comply to TDLP specs.0.82002-10-24venkatFirst draftDSivarajInitial conversion from LaTeX to Docbook XML
This document will help set up a working Tamil Linux environment. This describes setting up fonts, keyboard drivers, editing and printing Tamil/bilingual documents, and working with the X Window system. The information is kept as generic as possible. When it pertains to a specific distribution (say RedHat or Debian), it is explicitly noted.
About this HOWTOPurpose/Scope of this HOWTO
This document will help set up a working Tamil Linux environment.
Step-by-step instructions are provided for setting up fonts, editors,
etc. This document also describes the essential instructions need to
use web browsers, edit documents and print them.
The base URL of this document is:
Feedback
Comments and suggestions about this document may be directed to the author
(venkat@tamillinux.org)
Copyright and Licenseent 2002, 2003 V.Venkataramanan.Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or
modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free
Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
published by the Free Software Foundation; with no invariant
Front-Cover text, no Back-Cover text and no invarient sections.
A verbatim copy of the license can be obtained from the Free Software
Foundation Website at
AcknowledgementsSeveral postings by the following people were useful in
writing this document. The following people are thanked for all
their help:Thuraiappah Vaseeharan, D. Sivaraj, Sivakumar
Shanmugasundaram, Dinesh Nadarajah, Anbumani Subramanian,
Ganesan Rajagopal, M.K. Saravanan,...IntroductionTamil is a member of the Dravidian languages. Its
origin is in southern India and the language is written with non-Roman
alphabets. So there is a need for special fonts, encoding,
keyboard layout and drivers, besides localization, including
currency, date format, etc. This document will give a complete
overview of setting up and working in the Tamil Linux
environment. There are several pieces of information and tools
available for Linux in Tamil; this how-to will serve as a
meta-index to all the scattered resources.A word before you enter - most of the fonts, tools, RPMs
and documents are being gathered under one site. So try the
resources at
before you embark on treasure-hunting.FontsIt can seem like anarchy. There are an unknown number of fonts, each
encoded with their own tables, driven by arbitrary keyboard
layouts and outputs. In my opinion, Tamil can seriously compete
with any other language for maximum number of font tables.
Added to this commotion are the dynamic fonts for the web
pages, that enable anyone to get away with a non-standard font
as long as his pages are viewable.Adding to all these is the official Indian Standard Code
for Information Interchange (ISCII), the Government of India
sponsored unifying
scheme to bring all Indian fonts under the Devanagari umbrella.
Anyone familiar with the way the characters are written in
Tamil and in Devanagari script will understand the lack of any
rationale in this approach.Needless to say, this is serving to only add to the
confusion. A good analysis of this and the unicode for Tamil is
once again written by Sivaraj and can be found at
. For those not familiar with the Tamil script, a good
introduction written by Sivaraj is at
.Let us ignore the anarchy for a moment and get a picture
of the frequently used font encodings. There are two main
contenders and luckily they will converge soon. The first and
most popular one is the Tamil Standard Code for Information
Interchange (TSCII), developed by volunteers throughout the world,
and the other, TAmil Monolingual (TAM), and TAmil Bilingual
(TAB) encodings, were proposed by the Tamil Nadu Government. Once
again, TAM is of limited use in an OS environment and we can
safely ignore that. Almost all Linux efforts are in TSCII
(Console, KDE, GNOME localizations).TSCIITSCII is a glyph-based, 8-bit bilingual encoding. It
uses a unique set of glyphs; the usual lower ASCII set.
Roman letters with standard punctuation marks occupy the
first 128 slots and the Tamil glyphs occupy the
upper ASCII
segment (slots 128-256). A good overview of the early font
encoding schemes and a the rationale behind the TSCII
approach can be found at
.
The home URL for TSCII volunteers is
.
This site discusses the TSCII
encoding and provides tools including fonts, keyboard
drivers, editors and inter-conversion tools for various
platforms. The font encoding table according to TSCII-1.6 can be
found at .
The current version of TSCII is 1.6, and a revision is
expected anytime now that will fix some anomalies in using
various slots for encoding. This version 1.7 will be fully
backward compatible with 1.6 and is expected to gain
popularity. The
TSCII discussion group currently brainstorms on
modifications to TSCII-1.6. You may be able to participate in
the discussions by becoming a member. You may also be
able to download various beta tools from there. The font encoding
table according to TSCII-1.7 (draft) can be found at
.TABTAB is a character based bilingual standard proposed by
the government of Tamil Nadu. The TAB bilingual encoding table can be
found at .
Tools for TAB encoding (mostly restricted to the Windows
platform) can also be downloaded in the vicinity of this page.
Miscellaneous fonts and encodings
There are too many types, and unfortunately they are not documented well.
It is beyond the scope of this document to discuss them.
Console TamilThis so far has been a one man effort - once again by
Sivaraj. He has written a set of console tools for Tamil that
include a monospace font, keyboard driver and locale setup. In
his words:
SivarajYou can use it with Lynx to read any TSCII-based
web sites or Pico to email in TSCII. Some characters may be disoriented,
since I try to fit all the characters in an
8x16 cell. But it is still readable.
The tools can be downloaded here. Follow the instructions in the REAME file to install and use.X WindowWelcome! This is where you will find the most useful
tools for Tamil. Even for basic users, it is now possible to
have close to a total Tamil-localized office suite.
Tamil GUI is achieved in KDE or GNOME environment with localization
settings (more about this later in this document), and Tamil character
input is achieved using keymanager programs. But first you need to get
some fonts to do all this.Installing fontsLinux, by default, uses pcf fonts and one can also
use bsd fonts; these are bitmapped fonts that display
under X and can be printed. But, as is common with all bitmapped
fonts, these are not always WYSIWYG in print. For
high-quality printing you need Type-I fonts (Adobe), with
Ghostscript you need PS fonts and for afm fonts (American
Font metrics) are used. But most of the Tamil fonts
that are freely available are TrueType (ttf). We will see next
how to get all these fonts working.Bitmapped fontsA bitmapped font is a matrix of dots; because of this,
these fonts are device-independent. A 75 dpi font, which is
good enough for displaying, is still a 75 dpi font in your
1200 dpi printer. So usually bitmapped fonts are created for
a specific purpose, such as for displaying on a monitor or for
printing. Linux usually uses bdf or
pcf font for console or X
display. Fonts like those created by dvips
or dvi are
printer-related bitmapped fonts. These fonts occupy large sizes, but
programs circumvent this by dynamically creating them as
and when they are needed, and at a specific resolution.You can get bitmapped Tamil fonts for various
applications from:
When an application makes a font request to the X Server,
XFree86 looks for fonts in specific directories. This means
that when you add fonts to your system and you want them to
be recognized by X Server, you need to tell X about the
location of these fonts. Simply add a directory to
your font path with the commands:
mkfontdir
xset fp+ entdirectoryent
where the family directory is the name of the directory
where you have fonts. Once you have done this you have to ask
the server to get this registered for the session, with the
commandxset fp rehash Since you will want these commands to run automatically, you should put them in your .xinitrc file ( or possibly your .Xclients or .xsession file -- this depends on how you start X. Another way to have the commands set automatically is edit XF86Config. For example, to add /usr/share/fonts/myfonts to the font path when X is started, edit XF86Config like this:
...
Section "Files"
...
FontPath /usr/share/fonts/myfonts
...
EndSection
...
The advantage of editing XF86Config is that the resulting changes are system wide.TrueType fontsYou may get TrueType fonts for TSCII, TAB and
TSCII1.7 encoding from the download section of
.
Alternate sources for these fonts areTSCII - TAB - and
TSCII-1.7 (experimental) -
Installing these fonts are either too easy or too
difficult. Too easy if you have one of the latest
distributions, like RedHat7.x or Mandrake7.x. This is because
RedHat (and Mandrake, maybe SuSE) come with
xfs pre-packaged. It is also easy to find
xfs for Debian, but as far as I know,
Debian does not come with xfs
packaged.Debian users are now redirected to this mini-howto on
TrueType fonts in Debian -
There is also another utility, xfstt,
which is easier to install and use, but xfs
is becoming popular as it can handle Adobe Type1 in addition to
TrueType fonts.
If you do not have either of these, consider getting
either xfs (not to be confused with
Silicon Graphics (SGI) sponsored XFS journaling file system) from
.or xfstt from
.
You may also get xfstt binaries from
,
or reading an article about xfstt in the
Linux Gazette at
Installing TrueType FontsYou need to run these commands as root. If you are currently
logged in as a normal user, you can use su to
do this now.You should now have xfs availability,
otherwise use the steps in the previous section to obtain it.In some distributions like Mandrake, installing
TrueType fonts is a cakewalk. Just go to DrakConf
and use the font install utility - follow a few easy steps there and
you'll have them all.Put your TrueType fonts in whatever directory you want. For
example, /usr/share/tamiltt.
From within the directory containing your
new fonts, type:ttmkfdir -m 50 -o fonts.scaleThis makes a file that will contain the necessary
information about the fonts for the xfs server. The option
specifies the magnification for the fonts;
I have seen some Tamil fonts working well only with
.Then type:mkfontdirNow you can add the new directory to your
xfs search
path. Red Hat (and Red Hat-like) distributions come with a
neat utility to do this called chkfontpath.
Run chkfontpath like this:chkfontpath --add /usr/share/tamilttThis will add the new font directory to your font
path.(Other users, who have an xfs font
server, without ttf support, can do this by
editing their xfs configuration
file.If xfs is already installed on
your system, you should see which port it is running on. You can
do this with the following command:ps ax grep xfsThen check your XFree86 font path with this
command:xset -qIf your font path includes something like unix:/port
number, where port number is the port on which the server
is running, then you already have xfs
set up properly. Otherwise, you should add it to your XFree86
font path with these commands:xset fp+ entunix/:port numberentxset fp rehashThe port number is a numerical value, something like
7100.You can add the fontpath permanently by editing your
.xinitrc. To add it system-wide,
edit your XF86Config file (either under
/etc/X11/XF86Config,
/etc/X11/XF86Config-4,
/etc/XF86Config, or
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/XF86Config), by
adding the following line to the Files section:
FontPath entunix/:port numberent
Here is an example of how it should look:
...
Section Files
...
FontPath entunix/:-1ent
...
EndSection
...
If xfs is already properly installed,
then you can restart it like this as root:service xfs restartAfter restarting xfs, it is a good
idea to restart your X session.As most of the users in Tamil will be doing this, let
me summarize the essential steps.Become root.Download and copy some ttf fonts into a
directory (say /usr/share/fonts/tamiltt
).Go to that directory and do a
ttmkfdir -m 50 -o fonts.scale (use the
option if your fonts do not budge).Do a mkfontdir .
(Notice that you need to specify the
directory either absolutely or with a dot).Do a chkfontpath --add /usr/share/fonts/tamiltt
.
(Remember this command is available only in Red Hat-like
distributions. If you can run this successfully, skip the
remaining steps and restart the X server).Do ps ax | grep xfs and get
the xfs port known.Check your font path: xset -qIf your font path includes something like unix:/port
number, (something like unix: 7100), add this
to your xfont path:xset fp+ unix: port numberxset fp rehashIt is a good idea to restart the X Server.If everything works fine, update your
.xinitrc file, wherever it is.Have fun!Other Font ServersThere is another project, X-TrueType Server, worth
looking into, at .Another interesting project with broader scope is
FreeType; check .I personally feel xfs is a great
utility; it can handle Type1 fonts (very useful if you use programs
like GIMP). Besides, a stand alone xfs
server is not attached to X server.
This means that you can deliver these fonts for remote X
displays. I use this feature extensively with VNC Server
running in my host and VNC Viewer running locally in Windows.
It's something of a luxury having a Tamil Linux desktop
while working for my employer.Keyboard DriversOnce again, lack of standards shows up here. There are
quite a few Tamil keyboard layouts, the traditional typewriter
keyboard; then with the surge of internet arrived the romanized
transliteration keyboards; later the TAmil-Nadu government played
its part by prescribing a tamilnet99 keyboard. These are only a
few to talk about; we have a few others which do not fall into any
of these standards.There are two Tamil keyboard drivers for the X Window System,
both of them set to tamilnet99 standards (see
tamilnet99 website
for the details on the keymap). You will be able to download
both the keydrivers from the
Yahoo! tamilinix group files section
.tamil_kmapThe first driver is tamil_kmap,
created by Vasee. It is based on the original version of
Siva. It is operable under both TSCII 1.6 and TAB encodings.
The detailed installation instructions are given in the
README file in the package. It is very
simple to install. First, untar the package into a temporary directory.
Then type:cp ta /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/symbols/
then: cp Compose /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/iso8859-1and put the shell script setkb
into a directory on your system PATH .
You may need to become root
to copy these files into these directories.To use the Tamil keyboard, type
setkb tscii or setkb tab.
From inside the keyboard driver you will be able to switch
between the two standards, and also between Roman and Tamil
fonts.tamilvpThe other keyboard driver, tamilvp
(vp for Visaip Palakai) is written and maintained by
Dinesh. As indicated above, you may download that from the
Yahoo! tamilinix group file section.
It is available as rpm (I have not tried it out yet). Just install
the rpm and files will be in appropriate locations. To run the
program type tamilvp and you will get the GUI
cell to choose between Tamil (TSCII 1.6 or TAB) and English.KDEHistorically, the K Desktop Environment (KDE) was the first
full Tamil user interface. Though far from complete, KDE was
there for Tamil, and Tamil among the Indic languages, for the first time.
Under KDE, with your localization properly set to Tamil, you may be
able to do almost everything (from editing files, to browsing the web
and e-mail, to administrative tasks such as user management and task
scheduling) with a Tamil user interface.Getting Localization FilesFor the newbie, it is very easy to search the web for
Tamil KDE localizations RPMs. They are usually labelled
something like kde-i18n-Tamil-2.0-1mdk.i586.rpm.
i18n is just that: i(nternationalizatio)n,
18(18letters). Tamil is the
localization setting corresponding to the Tamil language.
mdk signifies the package for Mandrake distribution.
Then comes the most important part; 2.0-1,
the KDE version number. Your base KDE version and this should be
the same, so when downloading, make sure that you get the proper
localized menus for the proper KDE version. i586
signifies the precompiled binaries for the intel 586 platforms. Make sure
that you get the proper binary (there are usually source rpms
and rpms for other platforms such as alpha). If you are a
newbie you are better off using GUI based rpm installer such
as GNORPM or KPackage. First do a test install and check if
your system has all the needed packages. If not go to the
same source from where you downloaded the Tamil localization
and get them. After making sure that you installed all
dependencies, install the kde-i18n-tamil package as
well.If you are not a newbie, you know it. Get KDE Tamil
i18n files, and if you have time, get the sources and compile
them!KDE localization uses TSCII 1.6 encoding. This means
that you will need at least one TSCII font. Read the section
on fonts as to how to get it.Choosing a Tamil localeThis section assumes that have installed at least one
TSCII font (preferably several, to jazz up your GUI) and the KDE
Tamil localization package.From Start, go to
configuration ent
KDE ent
Personalization and choose
default (c) location.
Tamil/India is yet to be made available under
countries/languages.Choose language entother
entTamil. Accept this. All
changes will be activated, and will work on all windows opened
subsequently.Your user interface is now set in Tamil. If you see
some garbage on the window header etc., pat yourself on the back. You
are ready to see Tamil; move on!Choosing Tamil fonts for GUIAgain, from Start go to
configuration entKDE
entLooknFeel. You will see a set of
fonts for most (these are the ones used in display). Choose a Tamil
font instead for all these. Accept.Well done, you now see Tamil everywhere on your
desktop. You are ready, with a fully operational Tamil
system.KDE MiscellaneousAs with every other project, KDE-Tamil also needs a lot of
volunteers. Contact either Sivakumar or Vaseeharan (both of
them can be reached through the egroup Visit before you try KDE Tamil. If you want to convince yourself (and
be bowled over), view the screenshots from tamillinux.org site.KDE's i18n process is unicode-based. As a work around,
Trolltech's QTsciiCodec class provides conversion to and from
the Tamil TSCII encoding. This codec uses the mapping table
found at . Unfortunately Tamil uses composed Unicode. As such, Unicode
fonts cannot be used under KDE-TSCII; you need to have TSCII
fonts. The TSCII codec was contributed to Qt by Hans Petter
Bieker bieker@kde.org.GNOMEGNOME Tamil localization works have just begun. There are
few applications for which Tamil menus are translated, and are
available. But it is yet to become the official member of GNOME
i18n distribution.In order to use them, download the currently available files
from:and put them into the directory
/usr/share/locale/ta/LCMESSAGES/.
Under GNOME Control Panel you have set the fonts (both in
Themes and the Window Manger applet) to a TSCII font.You need to create binary messages from the po
files. This is done as follows:msgfmt xxx.po -o /usr/share/locale/ta/LCMESSAGES/xxx.mo.
Note that the binary messages files contain an extension .mo
as opposed to .po for the text file.In order for you see Tamil, you have to set the locale to
Tamil.If you are using bash as your shell, then enter the
following line in your home directory.
export LANG=ta
export LANGUAGE=ta
export LC ALL=ta
Restart the X server. You should see Tamil menus and
dialogs in many of the GNOME enabled applications. Once again,
please consider contributing to the Tamil GNOME Project; we need a
lot of volunteers. Contact Dinesh (n_dinesh@yahoo.com) or through tamilinix yahoogroups.PrintingThis section is all about getting high-quality Tamil
output in printing. While it is one issue to load a binary font
and start using Tamil in Linux, if your work is
to destroy the forests, you need high-quality printing too!L<superscript>A</superscript>T<subscript>E</subscript>XLATEX
is perhaps the mother of all typographic systems. It frees the
author from the trivia of typesetting and concentrate on
the content. It does not use the WYSWYG input,
but the end result is great. Recent developments are centered
toward internationalization. Unfortunately lack of unicode
standard does not permit Tamil to be tried under the more
ambitious Omega Project. Once again, workaround is the only
way. A first step in Tamil has been attempted by Thuraiappah
Vaseeharan. You may get the the package from the tamillinux.org
site. The tar ball contains a great readme file that
describes the installation and usage. The tamiltex package
does a short work by keeping all related stuff under one
directory (which means that you need to keep your work under
the same directory to compile your source files). But the great
thing about this package is that it is compatible with both
TSCII and TAB encodings and the results are just what you
would expect from a
LATEX
package - great!PostscriptMany Linux applications use Ghostscript to print, which
means that you must have Ghostscript configured if you want
to use Tamil in printed documents. If
LATEX
is there, can PostScript be far away? Not thanks to Vasee.
Set the environment variable GS_FONTPATH to point
to your TrueType font directory. For example, I have:
GS_FONTPATH=/usr/local/share/fonts/tamiltt
export GS FONTPATH
You should be able to view Tamil PostScript files.PDFAs of now, the only source to create PDF files is the
PDF package. If you are able to successfully compile your
source with the tamiltex package, usepdflatex source.tex to generate the PDF file. You should be able to view it, using
xdvi or Adobe's Acroread for Linux.Word Processors, Office PackagesOnce TrueType fonts are installed properly, there is no
problem using them in Abiword, GNumeric or KOffice. However,
StarOffice needs Type 1 fonts. (I hear the latest StarOffice
supports TrueType fonts?). You can expect Type 1 Tamil fonts to
be available shortly:-).For receiving and sending email, KMail works well with
TrueType fonts. You should also be able to use PINE with
Sivaraj's console fonts and utils.Viewing Web pagesKonquerer supports Tamil fonts neatly, once made at the
proper scale under your font directory and served to X. Widely
used Netscape, however, is a problem. Netscape uses only 75 dpi
fonts for display. You might have noticed this even while
viewing Roman fonts, and got annoyed seeing small fonts. That
being the case with Roman, Tamil is impossible to comprehend
under 75 dpi. This can, however, be fixed by specifying the
appropriate resources in your .Xdefaults file:
Netscape*documentFonts.sizeIncrement: 20
Netscape*documentFonts.xResolution*iso-8859-1: 150
Netscape*documentFonts.yResolution.iso-8859-1: 150
Remember that TSCII fonts are used as ISO-8859-1 fonts.
The parameter 150 is arbitrary; I have seen
some fonts scaling neatly under 100 itself
(TSCparanar, for one) which is good enough for viewing. If you are
still not satisfied with what you see, try using anti-aliasing under
X.PangoPango
provides an open-source framework for the layout and rendering
of internationalized text and uses Unicode for all of its
encoding. It aims to eventually support output in all the major
languages. When GNOME 2.0 comes out, the text rendering is
expected to be by Pango. Pango is expected to be the panacea
for complex font schemes like kanji, arabic/hebrew
(bidirectional), so Tamil is no problem. Tamil is one of the
early languages in Pango - right there in the first public
version. Sivaraj provided TSCII support, which was later
extended to TAB by Vikram.MiscellaneousFor the latest news, views and tools in Tamil Linux:Issues related to Tamil localization are mostly discussed
at:Under the files section there you may get some tools, few HOWTOs
(most of those issues are unified in this document already) and some
tutorials.If you want to read about Open Source (Free Software) history in
Tamil, see:Ganesan Rajagopal is checking in CVS for Tamil locales
under the Sourceforge project on Tamil Linux, you may be get
them from:There is a simple guide to setting up a working Tamil
Linux environment, addressed to newbies, available at:Appendix of Tamil Font EncodingsThere are several non-standard font encoding schemes for
Tamil. Then there are a whole lot of fonts (used mostly by
publishing houses in Tamil Nadu, such as Vikatan, Kumutham,
thinamaNi, etc.) which do not comply with any of these. The
three major font encoding schemes are;TSCII (Tamil Standard Code of Information Interchange -
currently running in beta version 1.7); the first efforts by
volunteers throughout world.TAB (TAmil Bilingual); proposed and approved by the Tamil
Nadu government
TSCII 1.6 Encoding Table
vowels: a, aa/A, i, ii/I, u, uu/U, e, ee/E, ai, o, oo/O, au, aq
consonants: k, ng, c, ny, t, N, th, n^, p, m, y, r, l, v, zh, L, R, n
---------------------------------------------------------
Position | character name | TSCII glyph
---------|------------------------|----------------------
Characters 0-127 are as in the standard lower ASCII set
---------|------------------------|----------------------
128 80 | c128 | tamil numeral 0
129 81 | c129 | tamil numeral 1
130 82 | baseline single quote | tamil numeral 2
131 83 | florin | tamil numeral 3
132 84 | baseline double quote | tamil numeral 4
133 85 | ellipsis | tamil numeral 5
134 86 | dagger (single) | tamil numeral 6
135 87 | dagger (double) | tamil numeral 7
136 88 | circumflex | tamil numeral 8
137 89 | per mil (thousand) | tamil numeral 9
138 8A | S caron | modifier for aa/A
139 8B | left single guillemet | modifier for I
140 8C | OE ligature | modifier for Ii/I
141 8D | c141 | modifier for u
142 8E | c142 | modifier for uu/U
143 8F | c143 | modifier for e
144 90 | c144 | modifier for ee/E
145 91 | open single quote | (left single guillemet)
146 92 | close single quote | (right single guillemet )
147 93 | open double quote | (left double guillemet)
148 94 | close double quote | (right double guillemet )
149 95 | bullet (large) | tamil numeral 10
150 96 | en dash | tamil numeral 100
151 97 | em dash | tamil numeral 1000
152 98 | tilde | modifier for ai
153 99 | unregistered trademark | tamil vowel a
154 9A | s caron | tamil vowel aa/A
155 9B | right single guillemet | tamil vowel i
156 9C | oe ligature | tamil vowel ii/Ai
157 9D | c157 | tamil vowel u
158 9E | c158 | tamil vowel uu/U
159 9F | Y diaeresis | tamil vowel e
160 A0 | non-breaking space | (vacant)
161 A1 | Spanish inverted ! | tamil vowel ee/E
162 A2 | cents | tamil vowel ai
163 A3 | pounds | tamil vowel o
164 A4 | intl. monetary symbol | tamil vowel oo/O
165 A5 | yen | tamil vowel au
166 A6 | broken bar | tamil vowel aq
167 A7 | section symbol | tamil uyirmei ka
168 A8 | diaeresis | tamil uyirmei nga
169 A9 | copyright | copyright
170 AA | feminine ordinal | tamil uyirmei ca
171 AB | left double guillemet | tamil uyirmei nya
172 AC | logicalnot | tamil uyirmei ta
173 AD | soft hyphen (minus) | tamil uyirmei Na
174 AE | registered trademark | registered trademark
175 AF | macron | tamil uyirmei tha
176 B0 | ring (also degrees) | tamil uyirmei n^a
177 B1 | plus/minus | tamil uyirmei pa
178 B2 | superscript 2 | tamil uyirmei ma
179 B3 | superscript 3 | tamil uyirmei ya
180 B4 | acute | tamil uyirmei ra
181 B5 | micro symbol (or mu) | tamil uyirmei la
182 B6 | pilcrow (paragraph) | tamil uyirmei va
183 B7 | bullet (small) | bullet (small)
184 B8 | cedilla | tamil uyirmei zha
185 B9 | superscript 1 | tamil uyirmei La
186 BA | masculine ordinal | tamil uyirmei Ra
187 BB | right double guillemet | tamil uyirmei na
188 BC | one-fourth | grantha letter ja
189 BD | one-half | grantha letter sha
190 BE | three-fourths | grantha letter sa
191 BF | Spanish inverted ? | grantha letter ha
192 C0 | A grave | grantha letter ksha
193 C1 | A acute| | grantha letter sri
194 C2 | A circumflex | tamil uyirmei ti/di
195 C3 | A tilde | tamil uyirmei tii/dii
196 C4 | A diaeresis | tamil uyirmei ku
197 C5 | A ring | tamil uyirmei ngu
198 C6 | AE ligature | tamil uyirmei cu
199 C7 | C cedilla | tamil uyirmei nyu
200 C8 | E grave | tamil uyirmei tu
201 C9 | E acute | tamil uyirmei Nu
202 CA | E circumflex | tamil uyirmei thu
203 CB | E diaeresis | tamil uyirmei n^u
204 CC | I grave | tamil uyirmei pu
205 CD | I acute | tamil uyirmei mu
206 CE | I circumflex | tamil uyirmei yu
207 CF | I diaeresis | tamil uyirmei ru
208 D0 | Icelandic Eth | tamil uyirmei lu
209 D1 | N tilde | tamil uyirmei vu
210 D2 | O grave | tamil uyirmei zhu
211 D3 | O acute | tamil uyirmei Lu
212 D4 | O circumflex | tamil uyirmei Ru
213 D5 | O tilde | tamil uyirmei nu
214 D6 | O diaeresis | tamil uyirmei kU
215 D7 | multiply symbol | tamil uyirmei ngU
216 D8 | O with oblique stroke | tamil uyirmei cU
217 D9 | U grave | tamil uyirmei nyU
218 DA | U acute | tamil uyirmei tU
219 DB | U circumflex | tamil uyirmei NU
220 DC | U diaeresis | tamil uyirmei thU
221 DD | Y acute | tamil uyirmei n^U
222 DE | Icelandic Thorn | tamil uyirmei pU
223 DF | German sharp s | tamil uyirmei mU
224 E0 | a grave | tamil uyirmei yU
225 E1 | a acute | tamil uyirmei rU
226 E2 | a circumflex | tamil uyirmei lU
227 E3 | a tilde | tamil uyirmei vU
228 E4 | a diaeresis | tamil uyirmei zhU
229 E5 | a ring | tamil uyirmei LU
230 E6 | ae ligature | tamil uyirmei RU
231 E7 | c cedilla | tamil uyirmei nU
232 E8 | e grave | tamil vowel k (ik)
233 E9 | e acute | tamil vowel ng (ing)
234 EA | e circumflex | tamil vowel c (ikc)
235 EB | e diaeresis | tamil vowel ny (iny)
236 EC | i grave | tamil vowel t (it)
237 ED | i acute | tamil vowel N (iN)
238 EE | i circumflex | tamil vowel th (ith)
239 EF | i diaeresis | tamil vowel n (in^)
240 F0 | Icelandic eth | tamil vowel p (ip)
241 F1 | n tilde | tamil vowel m (im)
242 F2 | o grave | tamil vowel y (ient)
243 F3 | o acute | tamil vowel r (ir)
244 F4 | o circumflex | tamil vowel l (il)
245 F5 | o tilde | tamil vowel v (iv)
246 F6 | o diaeresis | tamil vowel zh (izh)
247 F7 | divide symbol | tamil vowel L (iL)
248 F8 | o with oblique stroke | tamil vowel R (iR)
249 F9 | u grave | tamil vowel n (in)
250 FA | u acute | grantha vowel j (ij)
251 FB | u circumflex | grantha vowel sh (ish)
252 FC | u diaeresis | grantha vowel s (is)
253 FD | y acute | grantha vowel h (ih)
254 FE | Icelandic thorn | grantha vowel ksh (iksh)
255 FF | y diaeresis | (vacant)
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