by Juraj Sipos, xvudpapc@savba.skHow to setup international keyboard in Linux or Unix with Xmodmap and XKB written by (c) Juraj Sipos. The Xmodmap is a file that XFree86 reads in order to give you a keyboard layout. This solution will work for you in setting up any international keyboard for (Debian, RedHat, Mandrake, CorelLinux) Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD and possibly every Unix that uses XFree86. The advantage of this howto is that it is not architecture specific and will work on all other systems.This documentation is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.1.62002-11-19Some links added, info on newer Linux versions included, major formatting changes1.52001-12-03Links on internationalization added, info on XKB, troubleshooting, info on newer Linux versions, StarOffice 61.4N/ACorrection of script for including X Window fonts to StarOffice 5.21.3N/AMinor corrections, spell checking and editation made, few more Xmodmap files added; list of what all ISO8859* specifications mean1.2N/ACompletely rebuilt, added the possibility to force the system to read Xmodmap; some national Xmodmap files added, more information included on building up the standard Xmodmap files1.1N/AAdded copyright information and slight modifications pertaining to newer systems1.01999-08-01initial versionThe international keyboard Xmodmap HOWTO. Copyright (C) 1999, 2002 Juraj Sipos (xvudpapc@savba.sk). Imagine you use a Linux or a BSD OS and want to write a business letter to a person that has a foreign name with a slash or diaeresis (two dots above a letter). Czech language uses signs like ent and many European languages have their special non-English characters.This is the Xmodmap Howto, but some info on XKB is included, too. Why Xmodmap? Xmodmap is a little hackers' solution that lets you gain a complete control of a keyboard - you can map the keyboard to almost everything. You can do this with XKB, too, but it's a little dirtier way, albeit a possible one. A good idea is to keep your XKB maps clean and unmodified, so that you don't have to reinstall your Unix box. Xmodmap solution helps you map keyboard to your choice and if something goes wrong, you will be able to use standard X keyboard. Some people also like their own customized keyboard layouts and this HOWTO will explain how to achieve this.With information in this file you can make your own customized (international) keyboard layouts without installing any additional packages. The following information will help you set up German, Spanish, Italian, Slovak, Czech, Polish, Slovenian, Croatian, Danish, Dutch, French, Finnish, Norwegian, Estonian, Latvian, Swedish and other keyboards. You can also alternatively look at my hompage at http://www.freebsd.nfo.sk to see visual layouts of various keyboards. In case you want to install Greek, Hebrew or Russian language, follow my information and apply changes pertinent to these languages also with respect to other documentation (e.g., install Greek fonts, etc., see the Cyrilic, Hebrew, or Danish howto). Make your own .Xmodmap file according to information in this file. Write the following to your .bashentprofile in your home directory:export LANG=languagewhere "language" is the language you want to use. The languages can be found in the file locale.alias in /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale. NOTE: some programs, like Mozilla, don't care about these user's locale settings. Run "exit" command on the console and log in again for Bash to read the statement from its .bashentprofile. Install fonts (best are ISO8859-2 Type1 fonts for Eastern Europe, Czech or Slovak), put them in your font path in the /etc/X11/XF86Config file (on some newer systems this is not necessary). Start X Server (startx). If you use GDM or XDM and your X server is already running, restart X server. Run the command "xmodmap ent/.Xmodmap" from the X terminal window to force the system to read the .Xmodmap file. The dot does not have to be there. Name the xmodmap keyboard map whatever way you want. Switch keyboard by pressing a key (it is usually right Alt, Scroll Lock, it depends on how switching is defined in the xmodmap file). That's all. NOTE: This HOWTO is for the X Window System, use of national keyboards on the console is not explained here. If you are desperate, try to issue the commands like: setfont LatArCyrHeb-14 -m 8859-2 followed by loadkeys sk ("sk" stands for the Slovak language). Most Linuxes have their own utilities to set up console keyboards). Provided you have your fonts installed, just open the X terminal window and issue a command: setxkbmap kb, where "kb" is the keyboard layout you want to use, for example:setxkbmap sifor the Slovenian languagesetxkbmap defor the German languageAll the language names you may use are located in /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/symbols directory. Alternatively, if you are using KDE 2.0, open the KDE Start button, click on Preferences, Personalization, Country ent Language and choose ISO8859-2 charset. Note that this may be slightly different depending on the Linux or KDE distribution. In newer Linux distributions you don't have to do this anymore; in Slackware Linux 8.1, RedHat 8.0 or Mandrake 9 with KDE 3.0, for example, just open Preferences, Peripherals, Keyboard - choose your keyboard layout and everything should work fine (if you have the fonts pertinent for the language of your choice installed, obviously).You will see a language icon on the KDE panel. Switch the keyboard (NOTE: this is for XKB, my xmodmap definition uses Scroll Lock for switching, other xmodmap files use Right Alt) and enjoy.You may alternatively edit the /etc/X11/Xf86Config file as explained in the Danish Howto, or issue this command in an X terminal window for the Slovak keyboard:setxkbmap -model pc102 -symbols 'czsk(usentskentqwertz)' setxkbmap cs -option grp:shiftenttoggleIn RedHat 7.2 and Mandrake 8.1, it is enough to run the following setxkbmap command from an X Terminal Window (assuming you have correct fonts installed):setxkbmap sksetxkbmap sisetxkbmap deqwerty or qwertz means that the letter z Z and y Y are swapped. To see a variety of language maps (symbols), look in the file symbols.dir in /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb directory. Some X Window managers override .Xmodmap setting. If .Xmodmap isn't read by X automatically after starting the X Window System, a good way is to force the system to read it from your root (home) directory. You will do this by issuing the following command from an X terminal window:xmodmap ent/.XmodmapAfter I installed the Slovak keyboard in KDE with Xmodmap file that used definitions for ISO8859-2 keycode entities (lcaron, scaron, etc.), some changes had to be done in the system in relation to a Linux or XFree distribution. The changes mostly pertained to dead keys that did not work. Before the year 2000, I used the following way to customize keyboard in X Window System on some Unices. Put the following in your .bashentprofile: export LANG=languageOROR for csh shellsetenv LANG=langaugeand have the Xmodmap file in your home directory. If you ask me where you may obtain such Xmodmap files, some are in this HOWTO, or go to GNOME ../share directory. The file /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/locale.alias contains the aliases for langauges, so look there in order to find out what is caentES or brentFR (the exact syntax for your language to use - you cannot write "croatia" but you must write "croatian", not "Croatian"; this is very important, as Unix is case sensitive).Now you must install the pertinent language fonts and put path in XF86Config file to these fonts. If you want to internationalize your keyboard, use the standard Xmodmap definitions first and use right alt to switch between keyboards (if you use GNOME Xmodmap files). If it does not work, do the following:a) Copy the "Compose" file from: /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/iso8859-2 to: /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/iso8859-1 directory (yes, iso8859-1, not iso8859-2). Back up the original "Compose" file if you want b) Put the included .Xmodmap file to your root directory (Slovak language, or make your own .Xmodmap file, or choose from the ones listed here). c) Install ISO8859-2 fonts (or other pertinent fonts). You may try to issue the command:xset qto see which fonts are in your path.If you want to add fonts in your path from the X Window System, issue the command:xset fp+ /usr/fontsentpathxset fp rehashd) Disable every "Scroll Lock" uncommented line in your XF86Config, because our .Xmodmap file for the Slovak language uses the Scroll Lock to switch between keyboards. e) Put the appropriate fontpath for your newly installed fonts in the XF86Config file, if necessary (Mandrake 7.2 and other OS's may not require this). The Xmodmap solution may be applied to all X keyboards of your choice. First, I must say that in my solution (in older XFree86 versions), different mapping, if used, appears to work for Xmodmap keycodes for some ISO8859-2 keycode entities. ISO8859-2 definitions (keycode entities) like lcaron, zcaron actually do not work. This means that the ISO8859-1 definitions must be used instead and they will either give you what they say they are (aacute ento?=, eacute ento?=, etc.), or they will not give you what they say they are (using ISO8859-2 fonts, putting "threequarters" in your .Xmodmap file will not give you "3/4" but "z" with a caron, a reversed ent above it). For example, "mu" will give lcaron, "oslash" rcaron, etc. However, other key definitions, for example, adieresis (a with two dots above it), uacute (u with a slash above it), as well as deadentdiaeresis do not require a substitution of other definitions and work pretty well, as they're defined everywhere (a dead key is a key you press, hold it, yet nothing happens, but after pressing another key you will get a special letter).The original "Compose" file in ../iso8859-1 directory can be fully utilized for English, Slovak or Czech keyboard layouts (Polish, Hungarian, Slovenian, Croatian) in some older XFree86 distributions, but there is only one problem - dead keys do not work. That's why you have to copy the "Compose" file from the iso8859-2 directory to iso8859-1 directory, or alternatively, you can edit the "Compose" file in iso8859-1 directory.You can leave the Keyboard section in your XF86Config file without much change. Put (if it's not already there) the following in the "Keyboard" section: Section "Keyboard" Protocol "Standard"XkbRules "xfree86" XkbModel "pc101" XkbLayout "us" Force the system to read the xmodmap map by issuing the command: "xmodmap ent/.Xmodmap". Alternatively, you can have 60 .Xmodmap files like .Xmo1, .Xmo2, .Xmo3, .Xmo4, etc., and you may force the system to read them (xmodmap ent/.Xmo1). The dot means it is a hidden file and it is not necessary. You may also have xmo1, xmo2, or xmo3 Xmodmap files.NOTE: If you are using some legacy programs like StarOffice 5.2, they have their own fonts, so Xmodmap solution will not work on older systems immediately with these applications. StarOffice 6.0 handles well conversion to win1250 and vice versa, so you can transport documents to a M$ platform. In my Mandrake 8.0, StarOffice 6.0 was internationalized immediately after using my standard Xmodmap solution. All the fonts worked. However, with StarOffice 5.2 this is not the case. In StarOffice 5.2, you must add X fonts to StarOffice's fonts directory. Here is a script that will do it for you. Cut it, name it "so52", make it executable (chmod +x so52), copy it to the StarOffice5.2/share/xp3 directory and execute it there.-------------------------------cutenthere-----------------------------------ent!/bin/shent Put path to your StarOffice hereSTARentOFFICEentROOT=/mnt/StarOffice5.2FONTSentDIR=/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/ISO8859-2/Type1ent -----------------------------------------------------------------------ent Don't edit the script hereent -----------------------------------------------------------------------XP3entDIR=$STARentOFFICEentROOT/share/xp3if ent -e $XP3entDIR/psstd.fonts.il2 ]; thenecho "Changes were already done!"echo "If there's a problem, delete the file"echo " $XP3entDIR/psstd.fonts.il2"exit 1fiif ent -e $FONTSentDIR/afm ]; thenAFMentDIR=$FONTSentDIR/afmelseAFMentDIR=$FONTSentDIRfient Link AFM files.ln -sf $AFMentDIR/*.entaA]entfF]entmM] $XP3entDIR/fontmetrics/afment Link PFB files.ln -sf $FONTSentDIR/*.entpP]entfF]entbB] $XP3entDIR/pssoftfontsgrep "\.pf" $FONTSentDIR/fonts.dir \ent sed -e 's/\.pfb /, /g' -e 's/-0-0-0-0-/-entd-entd-entd-entd-/g' \ent $XP3entDIR/psstd.fonts.il2cat $XP3entDIR/psstd.fonts.il2 entent $XP3entDIR/psstd.fonts------------------------------------cutenthere-----------------------------StarOffice 5.2 fully recognizes Word97 documents even written in other languages, but a converter from iso8859-2 to win1250 encoding is necessary in order to transport ISO8859-2 documents to M$ platform. For html documents this is not necessary. StarOffice 5.2 can be thus used by professional translators.If you want to edit and make your own .Xmodmap keyboard layout definitions, I'll explain one line of the .Xmodmap file to make clear what you should do. This example can be used for all keycodes. For example, the line: keycode 0x11 = 8 asterisk aacute 8 (note: keycode 0x11 is derived from the "xkeycaps" utility; you can also use the X Window "xev" utility to explore keyboard puzzles.) says that the first pair, the default one, (number "8" and "asterisk") will display number "8" when you press keycode 0x11 ("8"), will display asterisk when a "shift" key is pressed. After pressing the Scroll Lock, there's another definition: ISOentNEXTentGROUP, which means that when you press the default "8" key, no "8" will be displayed, but aacute (ent); when you press the "shift" key, number "8" will be displayed. So if you change "aacute" and "8", anything you put instead of "aacute" and "8" will be displayed, for example: keycode 0x11 = 8 asterisk semicolon colon will give you "semicolon" and "colon" in your 0x11 keycode after pressing the Scroll Lock. The ISOentNEXTentGROUP is defined by another line. If this line is not defined, you will be able to use only two definitions ("8" and "asterisk") - look at my .Xmodmap file. If you delete the ISOentNEXTentGROUP (the next pair of definitions on the right), you will have only one group of keyboard definitions ("8" and "asterisk"). Be careful when editing the .Xmodmap file. You mustn't delete definitions that enable utilization of the Scroll Lock unless you know what you are doing (or you map the second keyboard by right Alt). These are the lines such as: keycode 0x4e = ISOentNextentGroup add mod5 = ISOentNextentGroup, etc. You must also keep in mind that Unices are case sensitive. If you want to find out more about keycodes, install the package "xkeycaps" or use "xev".The following symbols on your right is what I found out through my research. This is just an example. When you use a "Pound" definition in the Xmodmap file, the X Window System will display you a Lslash instead (in relation to using iso8859-2 fonts, of course). When you choose some easy KDE text editor, select iso8859-2 fonts charset from the fonts menu. NOTE: vowel *acute (uacute, eacute, etc.) signs require no substitution, therefore I omitted iacute, aacute, etc., here.ISO8859-1 entity will give you the: ISO8859-2 entityin our nonstandard or experimental Xmodmap keycode definitionegrave ccaronugrave uringagrave racuteecircumflex "c" with something at the bottom of itucircumflex Lslash "Pound" in Xmodmap gives you Lslash.Lcaron Writing "yen" will give us LcaronScaron copyright (will give us Scaron)Tcaron guillemotleft (will give us Tcaron)Zcaron registeredlcaron muscaron onesuperiortcaron guillemotrightzcaron threequartersCacute AEEogonek find out yourselfEdieresis Edieresisecaron igraveonequarter zacutequestiondown z with a ring above itDcaron find out yourselfOoblique Rcaronthorn t with something at the bottom of itSterling Lstrokeyen Lcaroncopyright Scaronbrokenbar Sacutemacron Z with something above itparagraph sacuteperiodcentered caronmasculine s with something at the bottom of itonequarter zacuteecircumflex d with a line above itETH DstrokeNtilde NacuteOtilde O with two dots above itregistered ZcaronNacute Ogravenacute ograveOcircumflex Ocircumflexccaron egravenacute ntilde ------------------------------------------------------------------------You may use this file as an example to build your own xmodmap keyboard layouts. entententententententententententententententententententententententcutenthereentententententententententententententententententententententententententkeycode 0x09 = Escape keycode 0x43 = F1 F11 F1 Multientkey keycode 0x44 = F2 F12 F2 F12 keycode 0x45 = F3 F13 F3 F13 idiaeresis keycode 0x46 = F4 F14 F4 F14 mu yen keycode 0x47 = F5 F15 F5 F15 guillemotright guillemotleft keycode 0x48 = F6 F16 F6 F16 ograve keycode 0x49 = F7 F17 F7 deadentabovedot oacute keycode 0x4A = F8 F18 F8 deadentbreve acute keycode 0x4B = F9 F19 F9 deadentcedilla ugrave keycode 0x4C = F10 F20 F10 deadentogonek keycode 0x5F = F11 F21 deadentacute deadentcaron keycode 0x60 = F12 F22 deadentabovering deadentdiaeresis keycode 0x6F = Print Execute deadentiota keycode 0x4E = ISOentNextentGroup keycode 0x6E = Pause keycode 0x31 = grave asciitilde semicolon deadentdiaeresis keycode 0x0A = 1 exclam plus 1 keycode 0x0B = 2 at mu 2 keycode 0x0C = 3 numbersign onesuperior 3 keycode 0x0D = 4 dollar egrave 4 keycode 0x0E = 5 percent 0x0bb 5 keycode 0x0F = 6 asciicircum threequarters 6 keycode 0x10 = 7 ampersand yacute 7 keycode 0x11 = 8 asterisk aacute 8 keycode 0x12 = 9 parenleft iacute 9 keycode 0x13 = 0 parenright eacute 0 keycode 0x14 = minus underscore equal percent keycode 0x15 = equal plus deadentacute deadentcaron keycode 0x33 = backslash bar ograve parenright keycode 0x16 = BackSpace keycode 0x6A = Insert keycode 0x61 = Home keycode 0x63 = Prior keycode 0x4D = NumentLock PointerentEnableKeys keycode 0x70 = KPentDivide slash keycode 0x3F = KPentMultiply asteriskkeycode 0x52 = KPentSubtract minuskeycode 0x17 = Tab ISOentLeftentTab keycode 0x18 = q Q keycode 0x19 = w W keycode 0x1A = e E keycode 0x1B = r Rkeycode 0x1C = t T keycode 0x1D = y Y z Z keycode 0x1E = u U keycode 0x1F = i I keycode 0x20 = o O keycode 0x21 = p Pkeycode 0x22 = bracketleft braceleft uacute slash keycode 0x23 = bracketright braceright adiaeresis parenleft keycode 0x24 = Return keycode 0x6B = Delete keycode 0x67 = End keycode 0x69 = Nextkeycode 0x4F = KPentHome 7 KPentHome keycode 0x50 = KPentUp 8 keycode 0x51 = KPentPrior 9 keycode 0x56 = KPentAdd plus keycode 0x42 = CapsentLock keycode 0x26 = a Akeycode 0x27 = s S keycode 0x28 = d D keycode 0x29 = f F keycode 0x2A = g G keycode 0x2B = h H keycode 0x2C = j Jkeycode 0x2D = k K keycode 0x2E = l L keycode 0x2F = semicolon colon ocircumflex quotedbl keycode 0x30 = apostrophe quotedbl section exclam keycode 0x53 = KPentLeft 4keycode 0x54 = KPentBegin 5keycode 0x55 = KPentRight 6 keycode 0x32 = ShiftentL ISOentNextentGroup keycode 0x34 = z Z y Y keycode 0x35 = x X keycode 0x36 = c C keycode 0x37 = v Vkeycode 0x38 = b B keycode 0x39 = n N keycode 0x3A = m M keycode 0x3B = comma less comma question keycode 0x3C = period greater period colon keycode 0x3D = slash question minus underscorekeycode 0x3E = ShiftentR keycode 0x62 = Up keycode 0x57 = KPentEnd 1 keycode 0x58 = KPentDown 2keycode 0x59 = KPentNext 3 keycode 0x6C = KPentEnter Returnkeycode 0x25 = ControlentL ISOentNextentGroup !keycode 0x40 = AltentL MetaentL keycode 0x40 = MetaentL AltentL keycode 0x41 = space keycode 0x71 = AltentR MetaentR keycode 0x6D = ControlentRkeycode 0x64 = Left keycode 0x68 = Down keycode 0x66 = Right keycode 0x5A = KPentInsert 0 keycode 0x5B = KPentDelete period !keysym AltentL = MetaentL!keysym F12 = Multientkey clear Shift !clear Lockclear Control clear Mod1 clear Mod2clear Mod3 clear Mod4 clear Mod5 add Shift = ShiftentL ShiftentR add Control = ControlentL ControlentR !add Mod1 = AltentL AltentRadd Mod1 = MetaentL AltentR add Mod2 = NumentLock add Mod5 = ISOentNextentGroup !add Mod1 = !add Mod2 = AltentR AltentL Modeentswitch keycode 0x73 = ISOentNextentGroupkeycode 0x74 = deadentacute deadentdiaeresis keycode 0x75 = deadentcaron deadentaboveringentententententententententententententententententententententententententententententcutenthereentententententententententententententententententententententententententententententYou may find almost any xmodmap file in the GNOME directory in (SuSE) /opt/gnome/share/xmodmap (with standard ISO8859-1,2 and other definitions). To switch between the keyboards, use right Alt.If you want to edit and make your own .Xmodmap keyboard layout definitions, I'll explain one line of the .Xmodmap file to make clear what you should do.This explanation can be used for all keycodes. For example, the line:keycode 0x11 = 8 asterisk aacute 8(note: keycode 0x11 is derived from the "xkeycaps" utility; you can also use the X Window "xev" utility to explore keyboard puzzles.)says that the first pair, the default one, (number "8" and "asterisk") will display number "8" when you press keycode 0x11 ("8"), will display asterisk when a "shift" key is pressed. After pressing the Scroll Lock, there's another definition: ISOentNEXTentGROUP, which means that when you press the default "8" key, no "8" will be displayed, but aacute (ent); when you press the "shift" key, number "8" will be displayed. So if you change "aacute" and "8", anything you put instead of "aacute" and "8" will be displayed, for example:keycode 0x11 = 8 asterisk semicolon colonwill give you "semicolon" and "colon" in your 0x11 keycode after pressing the Scroll Lock.The ISOentNEXTentGROUP is defined by another line. If this line is not defined, you will be able to use only two definitions ("8" and "asterisk") - look at my .Xmodmap file. If you delete the ISOentNEXTentGROUP (the next pair of definitions on the right), you will have only one group of keyboard definitions ("8" and "asterisk"). Be careful when editing the .Xmodmap file. You mustn't delete definitions that enable utilization of the Scroll Lock unless you know what you are doing (or you map the second keyboard by right Alt). These are the lines such as:keycode 0x4e = ISOentNextentGroupadd mod5 = ISOentNextentGroup,etc. You must also keep in mind that Unixes are case sensitive. If you want to find out more about keycodes, install the package "xkeycaps" or use "xev".The following .Xmodmap sample file consists of two groups of keyboard definitions you my use in addition to your default or XKB keyboard choice. You may use this file as an example to build your own keyboard maps. This file needs editing for your specific purposes and it's here only as a hint. If you change letters like "y Y" to "t T", you will have "t T", etc. on your keyboard where you normally have "y Y" keys. So you see that thus you can have almost absolute control of your keyboard - something which in Microsoft Windows operating system can only be achieved by special and certainly expensive programs. Use the Scroll Lock to switch between the first and second group of key definitions. entententententententententententententententententententententententcutenthereentententententententententententententententententententententententententkeycode 0x09 = Escapekeycode 0x43 = F1 F11 F1 Multientkeykeycode 0x44 = F2 F12 F2 F12keycode 0x45 = F3 F13 F3 F13 idiaeresiskeycode 0x46 = F4 F14 F4 F14 mu yenkeycode 0x47 = F5 F15 F5 F15 guillemotright guillemotleftkeycode 0x48 = F6 F16 F6 F16 ogravekeycode 0x49 = F7 F17 F7 deadentabovedot oacutekeycode 0x4A = F8 F18 F8 deadentbreve acutekeycode 0x4B = F9 F19 F9 deadentcedilla ugrave keycode 0x4C = F10 F20 F10 deadentogonek keycode 0x5F = F11 F21 deadentacute deadentcaron keycode 0x60 = F12 F22 deadentabovering deadentdiaeresiskeycode 0x6F = Print Execute deadentiota keycode 0x4E = ISOentNextentGroupkeycode 0x6E = Pause keycode 0x31 = grave asciitilde semicolon deadentdiaeresis keycode 0x0A = 1 exclam plus 1 keycode 0x0B = 2 at lcaron 2keycode 0x0C = 3 numbersign scaron 3 keycode 0x0D = 4 dollar ccaron 4keycode 0x0E = 5 percent tcaron 5keycode 0x0F = 6 asciicircum zcaron 6 keycode 0x10 = 7 ampersand yacute 7 keycode 0x11 = 8 asterisk aacute 8keycode 0x12 = 9 parenleft iacute 9 keycode 0x13 = 0 parenright eacute 0 keycode 0x14 = minus underscore equal percent keycode 0x15 = equal plus deadentacute deadentcaron keycode 0x33 = backslash bar ncaron parenright keycode 0x16 = BackSpacekeycode 0x6A = Insertkeycode 0x61 = Home keycode 0x63 = Prior keycode 0x4D = NumentLock PointerentEnableKeys keycode 0x70 = KPentDivide slash keycode 0x3F = KPentMultiply asteriskkeycode 0x52 = KPentSubtract minuskeycode 0x17 = Tab ISOentLeftentTabkeycode 0x18 = q Q keycode 0x19 = w W keycode 0x1A = e E keycode 0x1B = r Rkeycode 0x1C = t T keycode 0x1D = y Y z Z keycode 0x1E = u U keycode 0x1F = i I keycode 0x20 = o O keycode 0x21 = p Pkeycode 0x22 = bracketleft braceleft uacute slash keycode 0x23 = bracketright braceright adiaeresis parenleft keycode 0x24 = Return keycode 0x6B = Delete keycode 0x67 = End keycode 0x69 = Nextkeycode 0x4F = KPentHome 7 KPentHomekeycode 0x50 = KPentUp 8 keycode 0x51 = KPentPrior 9 keycode 0x56 = KPentAdd plus keycode 0x42 = CapsentLock keycode 0x26 = a Akeycode 0x27 = s S keycode 0x28 = d D keycode 0x29 = f F keycode 0x2A = g G keycode 0x2B = h Hkeycode 0x2C = j Jkeycode 0x2D = k K keycode 0x2E = l L keycode 0x2F = semicolon colon ocircumflex quotedbl keycode 0x30 = apostrophe quotedbl section exclam keycode 0x53 = KPentLeft 4keycode 0x54 = KPentBegin 5keycode 0x55 = KPentRight 6 keycode 0x32 = ShiftentL ISOentNextentGroup keycode 0x34 = z Z y Y keycode 0x35 = x X keycode 0x36 = c C keycode 0x37 = v Vkeycode 0x38 = b B keycode 0x39 = n N keycode 0x3A = m M keycode 0x3B = comma less comma questionkeycode 0x3C = period greater period colon keycode 0x3D = slash question minus underscorekeycode 0x3E = ShiftentR keycode 0x62 = Up keycode 0x57 = KPentEnd 1 keycode 0x58 = KPentDown 2keycode 0x59 = KPentNext 3keycode 0x6C = KPentEnter Returnkeycode 0x25 = ControlentL ISOentNextentGroup !keycode 0x40 = AltentL MetaentL keycode 0x40 = MetaentL AltentL keycode 0x41 = space keycode 0x71 = AltentR MetaentR keycode 0x6D = ControlentRkeycode 0x64 = Left keycode 0x68 = Down keycode 0x66 = Rightkeycode 0x5A = KPentInsert 0 keycode 0x5B = KPentDelete period !keysym AltentL = MetaentL!keysym F12 = Multientkey clear Shift !clear Lockclear Controlclear Mod1 clear Mod2clear Mod3 clear Mod4 clear Mod5 add Shift = ShiftentL ShiftentR add Control = ControlentL ControlentR !add Mod1 = AltentL AltentRadd Mod1 = MetaentL AltentR add Mod2 = NumentLockadd Mod5 = ISOentNextentGroup !add Mod1 = !add Mod2 = AltentR AltentL Modeentswitch keycode 0x73 = ISOentNextentGroupkeycode 0x74 = deadentacute deadentdiaeresis keycode 0x75 = deadentcaron deadentaboveringentententententententententententententententententententententententententententententcutenthereentententententententententententententententententententententententententententententIf you want to build an .Xmodmap and you know how the character looks visually, you may have problems about knowing how it is defined by name. A good site that may help you with this may be: Here you can see ISO8859-2 characters visually.I also included here some ISO8859-2 Character definitions for you to know which names are used for pertinent keys. It may not be complete and you should not bother about the keycode numbers, but notice how keys are named. Much of this information is useful to build a keyboard with ISO8859-1 characters only, or a combination of East European characters and Western characters. If you're going to use other languages than the Central European or West-European ones, find a pertinent table for your ISO*** character set on the Internet. The gdkkeysyms.h file that contains all the crazy names for keycode entities including hexcodes is in (older versions of RedHat) /usr/include/gdk/ directory. If no gdkkeysyms.h file is on your sustem, see the file /usr/X11R6/include/X11/keysymdef.h (you must install XFree86 development package to make use of this directory), or try to look in /lib/perl5/siteentperl/5.6.0/i386-linux/GTK/keysyms.pm (it also contains names of keycode entities including hex codes). If you have a newer version of PERL, the version number "5.6.0" may differ. The similar thing should apply to other systems (FreeBSD), too, as they also use PERL.Xmodmap entities with their word definitions (which you put in the Xmodmap file) and their visual representation. Some word definitions lack their visual forms.----------------------------------------------------------------------spaceexclam !quotedbl "numbersign entdollar $percent ampersand entquoteright 'parenleft (parenright )asterisk *plus +comma ,hyphen -period .slash /zero 0one 1two 2three 3four 4five 5six 6seven 7eight 8nine 9colon :semicolon ;less ent entequal =greater ent entquestion ?at @A AB BC CD DE EF FG GH HI IJ JK KL LM MN NO OP PQ QR RS ST TU UV VW WX XY YZ Zbracketleft entbackslash \bracketright ]asciicircum entunderscore entquoteleft `a ab bc cd de ef fg gh hi ij jk kl lm mn no op pq qr rs st tu uv vw wx xy yz zbraceleft entbar entbraceright enttilde entspace Aogonek breve Lslash currency Lcaron Sacute section dieresis Scaron ent Scedilla Tcaron ent Zacute ent hyphen Zcaron ent Zdotaccent degree aogonek ogonek lslash acute lcaron ent sacute ent caron cedilla scaron ent scedilla tcaron ent zacute hungarumlaut zcaron ent zdotaccent Racute Aacute Acircumflex Abreve Adieresis Lacute Cacute Ccedilla Ccaron ent Eacute ent Eogonek Edieresis Ecaron ent Iacute ent Icircumflex Dcaron ent Eth Nacute ent Ncaron ent Oacute ent Ocircumflex Ohungarumlaut Odieresis multiply Rcaron ent Uring ent Uacute ent hungarumlaut Udieresis Yacute Tcedilla germandbls racute aacute ent acircumflex abreve adieresis lacute cacute ccedilla ccaron ent eacute eogonek edieresis ecaron iacute icircumflex dcaron dbar nacute ncaron oacute ocircumflex ohungarumlaut odieresis divide rcaron uring uacute uhungarumlaut udieresis yacute tcedilla dotaccent ---------------------------------------------------------------------- First, if you are using older systems (see the legacy solution), try to see if definitions will give you (after installing pertinent fonts and building the Xmodmap map with keyboard definitions for X) what they say they are. If they will not give you what they say they are, see my legacy soluttion.No LANG=language statement is necessary in your bashentprofile. You may use the Xmodmap file with standard ISO8859-2 keycode definitions and the .Xmodmap file (not from the legacy solution). Unfortunately, although you may immediately start writing with ISO8859-2 keycodes, the dead keys are not working properly and export LANG=language does not work here in order to make these dead keys work. There's also some bug with fonts or something - KDE 2.0 (or older XFree86 does not properly handle ISO8859-2 fonts together with Xmodmap. Old kedit, newest GNOME's gedit and StarOffice 5.2 work well (after applying the above script for StarOffice 5.2).After copying the Compose file from /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/iso8859-2/ to the /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/iso8859-1/, you may start elegantly working with dead keys. This was also tested on StarOffice 5.2.SuSE 7.0 works same as above. SuSE 8.0 works without problems - just apply the xmodmap command on your xmodmap keyboard definition and you are ready to go. It is a good idea to install support for your national language in Yast2, if there is a problem.Yes, it works as it should - I used the "kcmshell Personalization/kcmlayout", command, which is in the menu in Configuration ent KDE ent Personalization ent keyboard layout and after just putting the LANG=language statement in my .bashentprofile, StarOffice worked immediately (with ISO8859-2 fonts added to its directory) and I only switched the keyboards. I chose Czechoslovakian as the second language and could write in Czech with ISO8859-2 characters on my screen. (I used the script for putting the ISO8859-2 fonts for StarOffice). Unfortunatelly, the KDE 2.0 kedit could not visualize the ISO8859-2 fonts and after switching the keyboard and selecting ISO8859-2 charset I saw this: ??????? instead of lcaron, scaron, etc., but *acute symbols (uacute, aacute, etc.) displayed well.The maps in /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/symbols can be modified on the fly, but this is a dirtier way than to modify Xmodmap maps. You switch keyboards from the panel flag icon. Apply the standard .Xmodmap keycodes (scaron, lcaron, not "threequarters" or "mu", etc.) and issue the command: "xmodmap ent/.Xmodmap" and you may work by switching the keyboards by pressing Scroll Lock (if you use my Xmodmap file; if you use other Xmodmap file, try right Alt or whatever else that is defined in the Xmodmap file).The FontPath statement in /etc/X11/XF86Config and /etc/X11/XF86Config does not have to be changed:FontPath "unix/:1"The XFree86 reads automatically your fonts, but I put the ISO8859-2 fonts to /usr/share/fonts directory (same as in RedHat). Surprisingly, you do not have to copy the ../ISO8859-2/Compose file to ../ISO8859-1 directory and dead keys work nicely.These distributions work well as they should. In KDE, you must open the menu: Start ent Preferences ent Personalization ent Country and Language, where you will change CHARSET from ISO8859-1 to ISO8859-2 (or ISO8859-X for any other language of your choice). Then you may either select a keyboard layout - Peripherals, Keyboard (Slovak is included with dozens of other keyboard XKB maps) from the menu: Start ent Configuration ent KDE ent Personalisation ent Peripherals ent Keyboard, or you may choose my Standard Xmodmap solution. No other files require editing. That's great! Alternatively, you can set your keyboard with setxkbmap command (see section FreeBSD 4.4). The legacy solution must be used here. No LANG=language statement is necessary in your bashentprofile. Here the "experimental" .Xmodmap solution works ("mu" instead of "lcaron", etc.) and you must copy the Compose file from ../IS08859-2 to ISO8859-1 directory in order for dead keys to work. There is only one XF86Config file in /etc/X11 and its FontPath must contain path to the pertinent fonts.RedHat 7.2 behaves same as Mandrake 8.1. RedHat 8.0, with KDE 3, works nicely without problems - you can use the xmodmap solution immediately without digging up in the system and changing configurations. You do not have to go to Look and Feel menu in the Preferences menu - you can either apply the xmodmap solution immediately, or you can choose to configure (add) keyboard in the Preferences - Peripherals menu (if you decide for XKB). You will have the keyboard icon placed on the panel and you just click on it to switch between keyboards. Slackware 8.1 behaves exactly as RedHat 8.0, I only had to include the "export= language command (both for XKB and Xmodmap solution) in the Bash profile for the dead keys to work.Internationalization works the same way as with RedHat 5.1, 5.2, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2No LANG=language statement is necessary in your bashentprofile. But you must put this to /etc/profile: LANG=csentCZ.ISOent8859-2; export LANGFreeBSD 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 does not use Slovak locale, so we must use the Czech one here. It really does not matter. Here this depends on XFree86. Because the FreeBSD guys are too conservative about newer versions, they ship FreeBSD with older versions of XFree86. In FreeBSD 4.1 the experimental .Xmodmap solution works and you have to copy the ../ISO8859-2/Compose file to ../ISO8859-1 directory to make the dead keys work.The Standard Xmodmap solution works well. I think this version has some problems with installation - after installing the system, I missed some things I had selected in the installation wizard. A good idea would be to upgrade.If you decide to run setxkbmap (FreeBSD or Linux), you may usesetxkbmap sias a command from an X Terminal for the Slovenian languagesetxkbmap sefor Swedishsetxkbmap defor German, etc. A brief overview of names that stand for XKB maps:am Armenian keyboard be Belgian de German ca Canadian cs Czechdk Danish es Spanish fi Finnish fr French gb Great Britain hu Hungarianis Iceland it Italian jp Japanese no Norwegianpl Polishpt Portugese ro Romanianru Russianse Swedish si SlovenianSame as with FreeBSD 3.x - legacy Xmodmap solution must be applied.------------------------------------------------------------------- ISO8859-0 old, replaced by ISO 8859-14 and ISO 8859-15.ISO8859-1 Western Europe: Danish, Dutch, English, Faeroese, Finnish, Flemish, French, German, Icelandic, Irish, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish. Many other languages can be written with this.ISO8859-2 Eastern Europe: Czech, Slovak, English, German, Hungarian, Polish, Romanian, Serbo-Croatian, Slovak, Slovene.ISO8859-3 English, Esperanto, Galician, Maltese and Turkish.ISO8859-4 English, Baltic languages - Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, and Scandinavian languages - Danish, Faeroese, Icelandic, Lappish, Norwegian, and Swedish.ISO8859-5 Latin/Cyrillic alphabet: Bulgarian, Byelorussian, English, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian.ISO8859-6 Latin/Arabic alphabet: English, Arabic.ISO8859-7 Latin/Greek alphabet: English, Greek.ISO8859-8 Latin/Hebrew alphabet: English, Hebrew.ISO8859-9 Latin alphabet: Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Irish, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, formed by extending ISO8859-1.ISO8859-10 Latin alphabet: Modification of ISO8859-4 ISO8859-11 Latin/Thai alphabet.ISO8859-12 Reserved.ISO8859-13 Baltic.ISO8859-14 CelticISO8859-15 Similar to Latin-1ISO8859-16 Albanian, Croatian, English, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Irish Gaelic, Italian, Latin, Polish, Romanian, Slovenian, Lithuanian, and Scandinavian languages (Danish, Faeroese, Icelandic.Please note: I'am not the author of these files and don't mail me if you find something incorrect in them. These files were taken from the GNOME distribution and the main focus of this howto is to tell you how to map various keycode entities. Use right Alt to switch the keyboard.clear Mod1clear Mod2keycode 9 = Escape Escapekeycode 10 = 1 exclamkeycode 11 = 2 quotedbl twosuperiorkeycode 12 = 3 section threesuperiorkeycode 13 = 4 dollar dollarkeycode 14 = 5 percentkeycode 15 = 6 ampersandkeycode 16 = 7 slash braceleftkeycode 17 = 8 parenleft bracketleftkeycode 18 = 9 parenright bracketrightkeycode 19 = 0 equal bracerightkeycode 20 = ssharp question backslashkeycode 21 = deadentacute deadentgravekeycode 22 = BackSpace Deletekeycode 23 = Tab Tabkeycode 24 = q Q atkeycode 25 = wkeycode 26 = ekeycode 27 = rkeycode 28 = tkeycode 29 = zkeycode 30 = ukeycode 31 = ikeycode 32 = okeycode 33 = pkeycode 34 = udiaeresis Udiaeresiskeycode 35 = plus asterisk deadenttildekeycode 36 = Returnkeycode 37 = ControlentLkeycode 38 = akeycode 39 = skeycode 40 = dkeycode 41 = fkeycode 42 = gkeycode 43 = hkeycode 44 = jkeycode 45 = kkeycode 46 = lkeycode 47 = odiaeresis Odiaeresiskeycode 48 = adiaeresis Adiaeresiskeycode 49 = deadentcircumflex degreekeycode 50 = ShiftentLkeycode 51 = numbersign apostrophekeycode 52 = ykeycode 53 = xkeycode 54 = ckeycode 55 = vkeycode 56 = bkeycode 57 = nkeycode 58 = mkeycode 59 = comma semicolonkeycode 60 = period colon Multientkeykeycode 61 = minus underscorekeycode 62 = ShiftentRkeycode 63 = KPentMultiplykeycode 64 = AltentL MetaentLkeycode 65 = space spacekeycode 66 = CapsentLockkeycode 67 = F1 F11keycode 68 = F2 F12keycode 69 = F3 F13keycode 70 = F4 F14keycode 71 = F5 F15keycode 72 = F6 F16keycode 73 = F7 F17keycode 74 = F8 F18keycode 75 = F9 F19keycode 76 = F10 F20keycode 77 = NumentLockkeycode 78 = ScrollentLockkeycode 79 = KPent7keycode 80 = KPent8keycode 81 = KPent9keycode 82 = KPentSubtractkeycode 83 = KPent4keycode 84 = KPent5keycode 85 = KPent6keycode 86 = KPentAddkeycode 87 = KPent1keycode 88 = KPent2keycode 89 = KPent3keycode 90 = KPent0keycode 91 = KPentDecimalkeycode 94 = less greater barkeycode 95 = F11 F11keycode 96 = F12 F12keycode 108 = KPentEnterkeycode 109 = ControlentRkeycode 112 = KPentDividekeycode 113 = Modeentswitchkeycode 114 = Breakkeycode 110 = Findkeycode 98 = Upkeycode 99 = Priorkeycode 100 = Leftkeycode 102 = Rightkeycode 115 = Selectkeycode 104 = Downkeycode 105 = Nextkeycode 106 = Insert! right windows-logo key! in "windows" keyboards the postion of the key is annoying, is where AltGr! usually resides, so go define it as AltGrkeycode 116 = Modeentswitch! right windows-menu keykeycode 117 = Multientkeyadd Mod1 = AltentLadd Mod2 = Modeentswitchclear Mod1clear Mod2!charset "iso-8859-2"keycode 9 = Escapekeycode 10 = 1 apostrophe asciitildekeycode 11 = 2 quotedbl deadentcaronkeycode 12 = 3 plus deadentcircumflexkeycode 13 = 4 exclam deadentbrevekeycode 14 = 5 percent degreekeycode 15 = 6 slash deadentogonekkeycode 16 = 7 equal deadentgravekeycode 17 = 8 parenleft deadentabovedotkeycode 18 = 9 parenright deadentacutekeycode 19 = odiaeresis Odiaeresis deadentdoubleacutekeycode 20 = udiaeresis Udiaeresis deadentdiaeresiskeycode 21 = oacute Oacute deadentcedillakeycode 22 = BackSpace Deletekeycode 23 = Tab Tabkeycode 24 = q Q backslashkeycode 25 = w W barkeycode 26 = e E currencykeycode 27 = rkeycode 28 = tkeycode 29 = zkeycode 30 = ukeycode 31 = i I iacute Iacutekeycode 32 = okeycode 33 = pkeycode 34 = odoubleacute Odoubleacute divisionkeycode 35 = uacute Uacutekeycode 36 = Returnkeycode 37 = ControlentLkeycode 38 = akeycode 39 = s S dstrokekeycode 40 = d D Dstrokekeycode 41 = f F bracketleftkeycode 42 = g G bracketrightkeycode 43 = hkeycode 44 = j J Iacute iacutekeycode 45 = k K lstroke Lstrokekeycode 46 = l L Lstroke lstrokekeycode 47 = eacute Eacute dollarkeycode 48 = aacute Aacute ssharpkeycode 49 = 0 sectionkeycode 50 = ShiftentLkeycode 51 = udoubleacute Udoubleacute currencykeycode 52 = y Y greaterkeycode 53 = x X numbersignkeycode 54 = c C ampersandkeycode 55 = v V atkeycode 56 = b B braceleftkeycode 57 = n N bracerightkeycode 58 = mkeycode 59 = comma question semicolonkeycode 60 = period colon Multientkeykeycode 61 = minus underscore asteriskkeycode 62 = ShiftentRkeycode 63 = KPentMultiplykeycode 64 = AltentL MetaentLkeycode 65 = space spacekeycode 66 = CapsentLockkeycode 67 = F1 F11keycode 68 = F2 F12keycode 69 = F3 F13keycode 70 = F4 F14keycode 71 = F5 F15keycode 72 = F6 F16keycode 73 = F7 F17keycode 74 = F8 F18keycode 75 = F9 F19keycode 76 = F10 F20keycode 77 = NumentLockkeycode 78 = ScrollentLockkeycode 79 = KPent7keycode 80 = KPent8keycode 81 = KPent9keycode 82 = KPentSubtractkeycode 83 = KPent4keycode 84 = KPent5keycode 85 = KPent6keycode 86 = KPentAddkeycode 87 = KPent1keycode 88 = KPent2keycode 89 = KPent3keycode 90 = KPent0keycode 91 = KPentDecimalkeycode 94 = iacute Iacute lesskeycode 95 = F11 F11keycode 96 = F12 F12keycode 108 = KPentEnterkeycode 109 = ControlentRkeycode 112 = KPentDividekeycode 113 = Modeentswitchkeycode 114 = Breakkeycode 110 = Findkeycode 98 = Upkeycode 99 = Priorkeycode 100 = Leftkeycode 102 = Rightkeycode 115 = Selectkeycode 104 = Downkeycode 105 = Nextkeycode 106 = Insertkeycode 107 = Delete! as deadentogonek, deadentcaron, deadentbreve and deadentdoubleacute doesn't exist! (yet), I put also compose lines for use with respectively deadentcedilla,! deadentcircumflex, deadenttilde and deadenttildeadd Mod1 = AltentLadd Mod2 = Modeentswitch! Converted keytable file to xmodmap fileclear Mod1clear Mod2keycode 9 = Escape Escapekeycode 10 = plus 1 asciitildekeycode 11 = ecaron 2 deadentcaronkeycode 12 = scaron 3 asciicircumkeycode 13 = ccaron 4 deadentbrevekeycode 14 = rcaron 5 degreekeycode 15 = zcaron 6 deadentogonekkeycode 16 = yacute 7 deadentgravekeycode 17 = aacute 8 deadentabovedotkeycode 18 = iacute 9 deadentacutekeycode 19 = eacute 0 deadentdoubleacutekeycode 20 = equal percent deadentdiaeresiskeycode 21 = deadentacute deadentcaron deadentcedillakeycode 22 = BackSpace Deletekeycode 23 = Tab Tabkeycode 24 = q Q backslashkeycode 25 = w W barkeycode 26 = e E currencykeycode 27 = rkeycode 28 = tkeycode 29 = zkeycode 30 = ukeycode 31 = ikeycode 32 = okeycode 33 = pkeycode 34 = uacute slash divisionkeycode 35 = parenright parenleftkeycode 36 = Returnkeycode 37 = ControlentLkeycode 38 = akeycode 39 = s S dstroke Dstrokekeycode 40 = d D Dstroke dstrokekeycode 41 = f F bracketleftkeycode 42 = g G bracketrightkeycode 43 = hkeycode 44 = jkeycode 45 = k K lstroke Lstrokekeycode 46 = l L Lstroke lstrokekeycode 47 = uring quotedbl dollarkeycode 48 = section exclam ssharpkeycode 49 = semicolon degreekeycode 50 = ShiftentLkeycode 51 = deadentdiaeresis deadentacute currencykeycode 52 = y Y greaterkeycode 53 = x X numbersignkeycode 54 = ckeycode 55 = v V atkeycode 56 = b B braceleftkeycode 57 = n N bracerightkeycode 58 = mkeycode 59 = comma questionkeycode 60 = period colon Multientkeykeycode 61 = minus underscorekeycode 62 = ShiftentRkeycode 63 = KPentMultiplykeycode 64 = AltentL MetaentLkeycode 65 = space spacekeycode 66 = CapsentLockkeycode 67 = F1 F11keycode 68 = F2 F12keycode 69 = F3 F13keycode 70 = F4 F14keycode 71 = F5 F15keycode 72 = F6 F16keycode 73 = F7 F17keycode 74 = F8 F18keycode 75 = F9 F19keycode 76 = F10 F20keycode 77 = NumentLockkeycode 78 = ScrollentLockkeycode 79 = KPent7keycode 80 = KPent8keycode 81 = KPent9keycode 82 = KPentSubtractkeycode 83 = KPent4keycode 84 = KPent5keycode 85 = KPent6keycode 86 = KPentAddkeycode 87 = KPent1keycode 88 = KPent2keycode 89 = KPent3keycode 90 = KPent0keycode 94 = ampersand asterisk lesskeycode 95 = F11 F11keycode 96 = F12 F12keycode 108 = KPentEnterkeycode 109 = ControlentRkeycode 112 = KPentDividekeycode 113 = Modeentswitchkeycode 114 = Breakkeycode 110 = Findkeycode 98 = Upkeycode 99 = Priorkeycode 100 = Leftkeycode 102 = Rightkeycode 115 = Selectkeycode 104 = Downkeycode 105 = Nextkeycode 106 = Insert! right windows-logo key! in "windows" keyboards the postion of the key is annoying, is where AltGr! usually resides, so go definie it as AltGrkeycode 116 = Modeentswitch! right windows-menu keykeycode 117 = Multientkeyadd Mod1 = AltentLadd Mod2 = Modeentswitch! The "AltGr" (right Alt) key generates Modeentswitchkeycode 0x09 = Escapekeycode 0x43 = F1keycode 0x44 = F2keycode 0x45 = F3keycode 0x46 = F4keycode 0x47 = F5keycode 0x48 = F6keycode 0x49 = F7keycode 0x4A = F8keycode 0x4B = F9keycode 0x4C = F10keycode 0x5F = F11keycode 0x60 = F12keycode 0x6F = Printkeycode 0x4E = Multientkeykeycode 0x6E = Pausekeycode 0x31 = grave asciitildekeycode 0x0A = 1 exclamkeycode 0x0B = 2 atkeycode 0x0C = 3 numbersignkeycode 0x0D = 4 dollarkeycode 0x0E = 5 percentkeycode 0x0F = 6 asciicircumkeycode 0x10 = 7 ampersand sectionkeycode 0x11 = 8 asteriskkeycode 0x12 = 9 parenleftkeycode 0x13 = 0 parenrightkeycode 0x14 = minus underscorekeycode 0x15 = equal pluskeycode 0x33 = backslash barkeycode 0x16 = BackSpacekeycode 0x6A = Insertkeycode 0x61 = Homekeycode 0x63 = Priorkeycode 0x4D = NumentLockkeycode 0x70 = KPentDividekeycode 0x3F = KPentMultiplykeycode 0x52 = KPentSubtractkeycode 0x17 = Tabkeycode 0x18 = Qkeycode 0x19 = Wkeycode 0x1A = e E eogonek Eogonekkeycode 0x1B = Rkeycode 0x1C = Tkeycode 0x1D = Ykeycode 0x1E = Ukeycode 0x1F = Ikeycode 0x20 = o O oacute Oacutekeycode 0x21 = Pkeycode 0x22 = bracketleft braceleftkeycode 0x23 = bracketright bracerightkeycode 0x24 = Returnkeycode 0x6B = Deletekeycode 0x67 = Endkeycode 0x69 = Nextkeycode 0x4F = KPent7keycode 0x50 = KPent8keycode 0x51 = KPent9keycode 0x56 = KPentAddkeycode 0x42 = CapsentLockkeycode 0x26 = a A aogonek Aogonekkeycode 0x27 = s S sacute Sacutekeycode 0x28 = Dkeycode 0x29 = Fkeycode 0x2A = Gkeycode 0x2B = Hkeycode 0x2C = Jkeycode 0x2D = Kkeycode 0x2E = l L lstroke Lstrokekeycode 0x2F = semicolon colonkeycode 0x30 = apostrophe quotedblkeycode 0x53 = KPent4keycode 0x54 = KPent5keycode 0x55 = KPent6keycode 0x32 = ShiftentLkeycode 0x34 = z Z zabovedot Zabovedotkeycode 0x35 = x X zacute Zacutekeycode 0x36 = c C cacute Cacutekeycode 0x37 = Vkeycode 0x38 = Bkeycode 0x39 = n N nacute Nacutekeycode 0x3A = Mkeycode 0x3B = comma lesskeycode 0x3C = period greater Multientkey keycode 0x3D = slash questionkeycode 0x3E = ShiftentRkeycode 0x62 = Upkeycode 0x57 = KPent1keycode 0x58 = KPent2keycode 0x59 = KPent3keycode 0x6C = KPentEnterkeycode 0x25 = ControlentLkeycode 0x40 = AltentL MetaentLkeycode 0x41 = spacekeycode 0x71 = Modeentswitchkeycode 0x6D = ControlentRkeycode 0x64 = Leftkeycode 0x68 = Downkeycode 0x66 = Rightkeycode 0x5A = KPent0keycode 0x5B = KPentDecimal! right windows-logo key! in "windows" keyboards the postion of the key is annoying, is where AltGr! usually resides, so go definie it as AltGrkeycode 116 = Modeentswitch! right windows-menu keykeycode 117 = Multientkeyclear Shiftclear Lockclear Controlclear Mod1clear Mod2clear Mod3clear Mod4clear Mod5add Shift = ShiftentL ShiftentRadd Lock = CapsentLockadd Control = ControlentL ControlentRadd Mod1 = AltentL !Modeentswitchadd Mod2 = Modeentswitchclear Mod1clear Mod2keycode 9 = Escape Escapekeycode 10 = ampersand 1keycode 11 = eacute 2 deadenttildekeycode 12 = quotedbl 3 numbersignkeycode 13 = apostrophe 4 braceleftkeycode 14 = parenleft 5 bracketleftkeycode 15 = minus 6 barkeycode 16 = egrave 7 deadentgravekeycode 17 = underscore 8 backslashkeycode 18 = ccedilla 9 asciicircumkeycode 19 = agrave 0 atkeycode 20 = parenright degree bracketrightkeycode 21 = equal plus bracerightkeycode 22 = BackSpacekeycode 23 = Tab Tabkeycode 24 = akeycode 25 = zkeycode 26 = e E currencykeycode 27 = rkeycode 28 = tkeycode 29 = ykeycode 30 = ukeycode 31 = ikeycode 32 = okeycode 33 = pkeycode 34 = deadentcircumflex deadentdiaeresis keycode 35 = dollar sterling currencykeycode 36 = Returnkeycode 37 = ControlentLkeycode 38 = qkeycode 39 = skeycode 40 = dkeycode 41 = fkeycode 42 = gkeycode 43 = hkeycode 44 = jkeycode 45 = kkeycode 46 = lkeycode 47 = m Mkeycode 48 = ugrave percentkeycode 49 = twosuperiorkeycode 50 = ShiftentLkeycode 51 = asterisk mukeycode 52 = wkeycode 53 = xkeycode 54 = ckeycode 55 = vkeycode 56 = bkeycode 57 = nkeycode 58 = comma question deadentcedillakeycode 59 = semicolon periodkeycode 60 = colon slash Multientkeykeycode 61 = exclam sectionkeycode 62 = ShiftentRkeycode 63 = KPentMultiplykeycode 64 = AltentL MetaentLkeycode 65 = space spacekeycode 66 = CapsentLockkeycode 67 = F1 F11keycode 68 = F2 F12keycode 69 = F3 F13keycode 70 = F4 F14keycode 71 = F5 F15keycode 72 = F6 F16keycode 73 = F7 F17keycode 74 = F8 F18keycode 75 = F9 F19keycode 76 = F10 F20keycode 77 = NumentLockkeycode 78 = ScrollentLockkeycode 79 = KPent7keycode 80 = KPent8keycode 81 = KPent9keycode 82 = KPentSubtractkeycode 83 = KPent4keycode 84 = KPent5keycode 85 = KPent6keycode 86 = KPentAddkeycode 87 = KPent1keycode 88 = KPent2keycode 89 = KPent3keycode 90 = KPent0keycode 92 = SysentReqkeycode 94 = less greater barkeycode 95 = F11 F11keycode 96 = F12 F12keycode 107 = Deletekeycode 108 = KPentEnterkeycode 109 = ControlentRkeycode 112 = KPentDividekeycode 113 = Modeentswitchkeycode 114 = Breakkeycode 110 = Findkeycode 98 = Upkeycode 99 = Priorkeycode 100 = Leftkeycode 102 = Rightkeycode 104 = Downkeycode 105 = Nextkeycode 106 = Insert! right windows-logo key! in "windows" keyboards the postion of the key is annoying, is where AltGr! usually resides, so go definie it as AltGrkeycode 116 = Modeentswitch! right windows-menu keykeycode 117 = Multientkeyadd Mod1 = AltentLadd Mod2 = Modeentswitchclear Mod1clear Mod2keycode 9 = Escapekeycode 10 = 1 exclam asciitildekeycode 11 = 2 quotedbl caronkeycode 12 = 3 numbersign asciicircumkeycode 13 = 4 dollar brevekeycode 14 = 5 percent degreekeycode 15 = 6 ampersand ogonekkeycode 16 = 7 slash gravekeycode 17 = 8 parenleft abovedotkeycode 18 = 9 parenright acutekeycode 19 = 0 equal doubleacutekeycode 20 = apostrophe question diaeresiskeycode 21 = plus asterisk cedillakeycode 22 = Delete Deletekeycode 23 = Tab Tabkeycode 24 = q Q backslashkeycode 25 = w W barkeycode 26 = ekeycode 27 = rkeycode 28 = tkeycode 29 = zkeycode 30 = ukeycode 31 = ikeycode 32 = okeycode 33 = pkeycode 34 = scaron Scaron divisionkeycode 35 = dstroke Dstroke multiplykeycode 36 = Returnkeycode 37 = ControlentLkeycode 38 = akeycode 39 = skeycode 40 = dkeycode 41 = f F bracketleftkeycode 42 = g G bracketrightkeycode 43 = hkeycode 44 = jkeycode 45 = k K lstrokekeycode 46 = l L Lstrokekeycode 47 = ccaron Ccaronkeycode 48 = cacute Cacute ssharpkeycode 49 = cedilla diaeresiskeycode 50 = ShiftentLkeycode 51 = zcaron Zcaron currencykeycode 52 = ykeycode 53 = xkeycode 54 = ckeycode 55 = v V atkeycode 56 = b B braceleftkeycode 57 = n N bracerightkeycode 58 = m M sectionkeycode 59 = comma semicolonkeycode 60 = period colonkeycode 61 = minus underscorekeycode 62 = ShiftentRkeycode 63 = KPentMultiplykeycode 64 = AltentL MetaentLkeycode 65 = space spacekeycode 66 = CapsentLockkeycode 67 = F1 F11keycode 68 = F2 F12keycode 69 = F3 F13keycode 70 = F4 F14keycode 71 = F5 F15keycode 72 = F6 F16keycode 73 = F7 F17keycode 74 = F8 F18keycode 75 = F9 F19keycode 76 = F10 F20keycode 77 = NumentLockkeycode 78 = ScrollentLockkeycode 79 = KPent7keycode 80 = KPent8keycode 81 = KPent9keycode 82 = KPentSubtractkeycode 83 = KPent4keycode 84 = KPent5keycode 85 = KPent6keycode 86 = KPentAddkeycode 87 = KPent1keycode 88 = KPent2keycode 89 = KPent3keycode 90 = KPent0keycode 91 = KPentDecimalkeycode 92 = X386SysentReqkeycode 94 = less greaterkeycode 95 = F11 F1keycode 96 = F12 F12keycode 108 = KPentEnterkeycode 109 = ControlentRkeycode 112 = KPentDividekeycode 113 = Modeentswitchkeycode 114 = Breakkeycode 110 = Findkeycode 98 = Upkeycode 99 = Priorkeycode 100 = Leftkeycode 102 = Rightkeycode 104 = Downkeycode 105 = Nextkeycode 106 = Insertadd Mod1 = AltentLadd Mod2 = Modeentswitch clear Mod1clear Mod2keycode 9 = Escape Escapekeycode 10 = exclam 1 keycode 11 = quotedbl 2 atkeycode 12 = slash 3 numbersignkeycode 13 = semicolon 4 dollarkeycode 14 = colon 5 percentkeycode 15 = comma 6 asciicircumkeycode 16 = period 7 ampersandkeycode 17 = question 8 asterisk keycode 18 = parenleft 9keycode 19 = parenright 0keycode 20 = underscore minus minus underscorekeycode 21 = plus equal equal plus keycode 22 = BackSpacekeycode 23 = Tab Tabkeycode 24 = aogonek Aogonek q Qkeycode 25 = zcaron Zcaron w Wkeycode 26 = e E currencykeycode 27 = rkeycode 28 = tkeycode 29 = ykeycode 30 = ukeycode 31 = ikeycode 32 = okeycode 33 = pkeycode 34 = iogonek Iogonek bracketleft braceleftkeycode 35 = leftdoublequotemark doublelowquotemark bracketright bracerightkeycode 36 = Returnkeycode 37 = ControlentLkeycode 38 = akeycode 39 = skeycode 40 = dkeycode 41 = fkeycode 42 = gkeycode 43 = hkeycode 44 = jkeycode 45 = kkeycode 46 = lkeycode 47 = uogonek Uogonek semicolon colonkeycode 48 = eabovedot Eabovedot apostrophe quotedblkeycode 49 = grave asciitildekeycode 50 = ShiftentLkeycode 51 = backslash barkeycode 52 = zkeycode 53 = umacron Umacron x Xkeycode 54 = ckeycode 55 = vkeycode 56 = bkeycode 57 = nkeycode 58 = mkeycode 59 = ccaron Ccaron comma lesskeycode 60 = scaron Scaron period greaterkeycode 61 = eogonek Eogonek slash questionkeycode 62 = ShiftentRkeycode 63 = KPentMultiplykeycode 64 = AltentL MetaentLkeycode 65 = space spacekeycode 66 = CapsentLockkeycode 67 = F1 F11keycode 68 = F2 F12keycode 69 = F3 F13keycode 70 = F4 F14keycode 71 = F5 F15keycode 72 = F6 F16keycode 73 = F7 F17keycode 74 = F8 F18keycode 75 = F9 F19keycode 76 = F10 F20keycode 77 = NumentLockkeycode 78 = ScrollentLockkeycode 79 = KPent7keycode 80 = KPent8keycode 81 = KPent9keycode 82 = KPentSubtractkeycode 83 = KPent4keycode 84 = KPent5keycode 85 = KPent6keycode 86 = KPentAddkeycode 87 = KPent1keycode 88 = KPent2keycode 89 = KPent3keycode 90 = KPent0keycode 94 = less greater barkeycode 95 = F11 F11keycode 96 = F12 F12keycode 108 = KPentEnterkeycode 109 = ControlentRkeycode 112 = KPentDividekeycode 113 = Modeentswitchkeycode 114 = Breakkeycode 110 = Findkeycode 98 = Upkeycode 99 = Priorkeycode 100 = Leftkeycode 102 = Rightkeycode 115 = Selectkeycode 104 = Downkeycode 105 = Nextkeycode 106 = Insert! right windows-logo key! in "windows" keyboards the postion of the key is annoying, is where AltGr! usually resides, so go definie it as AltGrkeycode 116 = Modeentswitch! right windows-menu key, redefined as Compose keykeycode 117 = Multientkeyadd Mod1 = AltentLadd Mod2 = Modeentswitch! The "ent 7" key generates 7, ampersand, and section! The "E" key generates e, E, eogonek, and Eogonek! The "O" key generates o, O, oacute, and Oacute! The "A" key generates a, A, aogonek, and Aogonek! The "S" key generates s, S, sacute, and Sacute! The "L" key generates l, L, lstroke, and Lstroke! The "Z" key generates z, Z, zabovedot, and Zabovedot! The "X" key generates x, X, zacute, and Zacute! The "C" key generates c, C, cacute, and Cacute! The "N" key generates n, N, nacute, and Nacute! The "AltGr" key generates Modeentswitchkeycode 0x09 = Escapekeycode 0x43 = F1keycode 0x44 = F2keycode 0x45 = F3keycode 0x46 = F4keycode 0x47 = F5keycode 0x48 = F6keycode 0x49 = F7keycode 0x4A = F8keycode 0x4B = F9keycode 0x4C = F10keycode 0x5F = F11keycode 0x60 = F12keycode 0x6F = Printkeycode 0x4E = Multientkeykeycode 0x6E = Pausekeycode 0x31 = grave asciitildekeycode 0x0A = 1 exclamkeycode 0x0B = 2 atkeycode 0x0C = 3 numbersignkeycode 0x0D = 4 dollarkeycode 0x0E = 5 percentkeycode 0x0F = 6 asciicircumkeycode 0x10 = 7 ampersand sectionkeycode 0x11 = 8 asteriskkeycode 0x12 = 9 parenleftkeycode 0x13 = 0 parenrightkeycode 0x14 = minus underscorekeycode 0x15 = equal pluskeycode 0x33 = backslash barkeycode 0x16 = BackSpacekeycode 0x6A = Insertkeycode 0x61 = Homekeycode 0x63 = Priorkeycode 0x4D = NumentLockkeycode 0x70 = KPentDividekeycode 0x3F = KPentMultiplykeycode 0x52 = KPentSubtractkeycode 0x17 = Tabkeycode 0x18 = Qkeycode 0x19 = Wkeycode 0x1A = e E eogonek Eogonekkeycode 0x1B = Rkeycode 0x1C = Tkeycode 0x1D = Ykeycode 0x1E = Ukeycode 0x1F = Ikeycode 0x20 = o O oacute Oacutekeycode 0x21 = Pkeycode 0x22 = bracketleft braceleftkeycode 0x23 = bracketright bracerightkeycode 0x24 = Returnkeycode 0x6B = Deletekeycode 0x67 = Endkeycode 0x69 = Nextkeycode 0x4F = KPent7keycode 0x50 = KPent8keycode 0x51 = KPent9keycode 0x56 = KPentAddkeycode 0x42 = CapsentLockkeycode 0x26 = a A aogonek Aogonekkeycode 0x27 = s S sacute Sacutekeycode 0x28 = Dkeycode 0x29 = Fkeycode 0x2A = Gkeycode 0x2B = Hkeycode 0x2C = Jkeycode 0x2D = Kkeycode 0x2E = l L lstroke Lstrokekeycode 0x2F = semicolon colonkeycode 0x30 = apostrophe quotedblkeycode 0x53 = KPent4keycode 0x54 = KPent5keycode 0x55 = KPent6keycode 0x32 = ShiftentLkeycode 0x34 = z Z zabovedot Zabovedotkeycode 0x35 = x X zacute Zacutekeycode 0x36 = c C cacute Cacutekeycode 0x37 = Vkeycode 0x38 = Bkeycode 0x39 = n N nacute Nacutekeycode 0x3A = Mkeycode 0x3B = comma lesskeycode 0x3C = period greater Multientkey keycode 0x3D = slash questionkeycode 0x3E = ShiftentRkeycode 0x62 = Upkeycode 0x57 = KPent1keycode 0x58 = KPent2keycode 0x59 = KPent3keycode 0x6C = KPentEnterkeycode 0x25 = ControlentLkeycode 0x40 = AltentL MetaentLkeycode 0x41 = spacekeycode 0x71 = Modeentswitchkeycode 0x6D = ControlentRkeycode 0x64 = Leftkeycode 0x68 = Downkeycode 0x66 = Rightkeycode 0x5A = KPent0keycode 0x5B = KPentDecimal! right windows-logo key! in "windows" keyboards the postion of the key is annoying, is where AltGr! usually resides, so go definie it as AltGrkeycode 116 = Modeentswitch! right windows-menu key keycode 117 = Multientkeyclear Shiftclear Lockclear Controlclear Mod1clear Mod2clear Mod3clear Mod4clear Mod5add Shift = ShiftentL ShiftentRadd Lock = CapsentLockadd Control = ControlentL ControlentRadd Mod1 = AltentL !Modeentswitch add Mod2 = ModeentswitchGet the newest Linux distribution. Mandrake 8.1 or RedHat 7.2 or 8.0 work fantastically with regard to internationalization (which could not be said about previous distributions). If locales are not installed, you must install them. The GNU C Library comes with a locale database, which you should have on your system. Upgrade your glibc. Troubleshooting of older versions of XFree or KDE is insignificant in my opinion, as the systems get better and better and people install newer versions. You may find almost any xmodmap file in the GNOME directory in (SuSE) /opt/gnome/share/xmodmap (with standard ISO8859-1,2 and other definitions). To switch between the keyboards, use right Alt. Slackware has a very good databse of xmodmap maps in /usr/share/xmodmap. Use the command: locale -a to see all the locales.If you want to list the current keymap table, issue the command: xmodmap -pk ent moreThe xkeycaps program is a sort of graphical front-end for xmodmap. Start it and see which numbers mean which keycode.To make the mouse buttons left-handed, use a command: xmodmap -e "pointer = 3 2 1"To remove the CapsLock and change it to a control key, write this in your Xmodmap file:remove Lock = CapsentLock keysym CapsentLock = ControlentL add Control = ControlentL Here you can see ISO8859-2 characters visually Dutch keymap Unicode HOWTO Cyrillic HOWTO Esperanto HOWTO Belgian HOWTO Chinese HOWTO Danish HOWTO Finnish HOWTO French HOWTO German HOWTO Hebrew HOWTO Hellenic HOWTO Italian HOWTO Polish HOWTO Portugese HOWTO Serbian HOWTO Slovenian HOWTO Spanish HOWTO Thai HOWTO Turskish HOWTO Note: This RedHat ftp directory contains more fonts, just look into the RPMdirectory above.