DocBook Install mini-HOWTORobertEasterB
reaster@reaster.com
v1.82002-02-04rbe DocBook-Install-mini-HOWTO is a detailed practical guide for novices to quickly getting DocBook installed and processing SGML files into HTML, PS, and PDF files on a GNU/Linux system - other systems may be similar. Since setup of DocBook requires files from several separately distributed packages, it can be confusing for beginners. IntroductionInformation About this Document The lastest version of this mini-HOWTO can be found at: http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/DocBook-Install/ See the "Legal" section in the appendix for copyright, licenses, and disclaimer information pertaining to this document. What is DocBook DocBook is a Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) Document Type Definition (DTD) that defines a set of textual document markup tags that work much like the familiar HTML language used on the web. DocBook is intended for the authoring of books and articles. As such, it provides tags specifically designed to describe books and articles. For instance, the book and article DocBook tags are used to create books and articles. Within these documents, the chapter, sect1, and para tags are used. DocBook SGML files are stored in text files with a sgml or gml suffix. When processed, a single DocBook SGML file can output html, pdf, ps, txt and other formats for both online and printed publication. The processing is governed by stylesheets that can automatically generate a table of contents, page numbering, chapter ent section numbering, and other features. DocBook is also designed for authoring unix man pages by writing refentry documents. If you don't know what a man page is, try the command man man on your terminal. Brief Overview Here are brief descriptions of the packages we will work with in the next sections: OpenJade OpenJade is an implementation of the ISO/IEC 10179:1996 international standard Document Style Semantics and Specification Language (DSSSL). OpenJade executes the DSSSL language to process SGML and XML input files. In particular, it uses the Modular DocBook Stylesheets dsl code to process DocBook SGML/XML files into other formats such as html, tex, rtf, txt and others. OpenJade is the essential engine for converting a DocBook file into other formats. The TeX output format is used mostly as an intermediate format to obtain dvi, pdf, and ps via TeX macros and dvi converters. DocBook SGML DTD The DocBook Document Type Definition (DTD) files are SGML files that define the DocBook language. It defines the valid tag set and rules of their use. OpenJade requires access to the DTD files for every document type that it parses. ISO8879 ENTITY SGML Entities define how to represent special characters that have either no keyboard key or have special meaning in SGML. Examples familiar from HTML include "entamp;"='ent', "entgt;"='ent', and "entlt;"='ent'. DocBook DSSSL (Modular DocBook Stylesheets) The DSSSL files (dsl suffix) for a particular DTD, in this case DocBook, specify how to convert DocBook into html, rtf, tex etc. A dsl file is input to openjade along with your DocBook sgml file and tells openjade how to transform/style your document into another file format. The dsl for online (html) formats is often different than for print (dvi, pdf, ps) formats. SGMLtools-Lite SGMLtools-Lite is a frontend wrapper for running openjade and the TeX macros jadetex and pdfjadetex, macros included with OpenJade. Converting a DocBook file to ps or pdf is a two or three-step process. OpenJade outputs a tex file which is the input of jadetex to produce a dvi file, and pdfjadetex to produce a pdf. A ps file is obtained by passing the dvi file through dvips. The sgmltools script provides a single command to perform these tasks. HTMLdoc HTMLdoc is a free program for converting html files into a pdf or ps file. SGMLSpm and docbook2X Together, these two are used to generate man pages. SGMLSpm is a perl5 module library for processing parsed output from onsgmls, a program included with OpenJade. SGMLSpm includes an application called sgmlspl to use the SGMLSpm library. Sgmlspl requires "spec files", which are available from various other sources on the Internet, for each type of document transformation to be performed. DocBook2X is a package that provides the spec files for transforming DocBook files into man pages. Download the PackagesIn this section, we will locate and download the software on the Internet.OpenJade OpenJade is an actively maintained open-source software project based on the Jade package by James Clark. Download the lastest stable release at: http://openjade.sourceforge.net/ OpenJade also includes the OpenSP package and the TeX macros, jadetex and pdfjadetex for converting files to dvi and pdf. The following programs are provided by this package: openjadeonsgmlsosgmlnormospamospentosx To use jadetex and pdfjadetex for making dvi, ps, and pdf, you must have a working TeX (tex) installation. If you do not have TeX, check with your Linux distribution for a binary package that can be downloaded and installed. Otherwise, you can download the teTeX distribution of TeX from: http://www.tug.org/tetex/ DocBook SGML DTDThe DocBook DTD for SGML and XML are maintained by a technical committee at Oasis-Open.ORG. Download the current version (and any old versions you might need) of DocBook SGML at: http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/sgml/index.shtml ISO8879 ENTITY SGML The entities define representations for special or untypeable symbols or characters, including mathematical symbols, and the entities that you may be familiar with from HTML. These entity files need to be installed for a proper configuration. Resources at OASIS: http://www.oasis-open.org/cover/topics.html#entitieshttp://www.oasis-open.org/cover/ISOEnts.ziphttp://www.oasis-open.org/cover/isoENT-tar.gz ISOEnts.zip can simply be unzipped into the directory where the DocBook DTD is unzipped without requiring anything else but the files in isoENT-tar.gz are also needed. Again, the files in isoENT-tar.gz are to be unzipped into the DocBook DTD directory (see next section on installing for details), but the filenames end with ".ent" suffix. These will need to be renamed to a ".gml" ending. You can do this manually, or you can download and use the file below, made by this author, which contains the files of both ISOEnts.zip and isoENT-tar.gz: http://reaster.com/iso8879-entities.tar.gz DocBook DSSSL Norman Walsh's Document Style Semantics and Specification Language (DSSSL) files for the DocBook DTD (SGML/XML) are maintained at the DocBook Open Repository at SourceForge. These files, also known as the Modular DocBook Stylesheets, tell openjade what to do when converting your DocBook SGML file into other formats. A dsl file specifies things such as the mappings from one DTD's tags to another DTD's tags and other programmatic conversions, programmed in the DSSSL language. The DSSSL language is decomposed into a group of different languages, but running through it all is the Core Expression Language which is based on Scheme. The DocBook DSSSL package and documentation can be downloaded from the DocBook DSSSL Stylesheets Project The Linux Documentation Project has a stylesheet customization file that turns on some nice style features. It can be downloaded at: http://www.linuxdoc.org/authors/tools/ldp.dsl SGMLtools-Lite SGMLtools-Lite is a frontend for openjade, jadetex, pdfjadex, dvips, and other programs. It provides a single command for generating all the formats possible with these tools. The lastest release can be downloaded at: http://sourceforge.net/projects/sgmltools-lite/ This package is optional, but does make things easier sometimes. HTMLdoc HTMLdoc is a free program for converting websites into Portable Document Format (pdf) or PostScript (ps). For pdf, it creates a tree of bookmarks that make navigation easy. Both htmldoc and pdfjadetex output pdf files, but in slightly different formats. Try both and see which turns out best for a particular docbook file. See quick links below for download site. You can download the lastest version of HTMLdoc from Easy Software Products' ftp site. DocBook2X DocBook2X requires perl5 and the SGMLS.pm perl module, available at the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (CPAN). SGMLS.pm provides libraries and a program called sgmlspl which translates DocBook files into other formats by using specification files. The specification files are perl files that provide the logic for the translation to a particular format. http://www.cpan.org/http://docbook2x.sourceforge.net/Install the PackagesBefore You Install The following sections suggest how you might install the downloaded packages to setup your DocBook SGML environment. The examples may make reference to old versions of the packages but you should adapt the examples and use the most recent versions instead. For the most up-to-date, authoritative information, always read the documentation that comes with a package you are installing. Often, you will find a README and a INSTALL file after you unpack an archive. The detailed instructions below may not work exactly as shown since packages are changing all the time. However, the instructions should still give you a general idea of the procedure to get DocBook SGML working. Install OpenJadeopenjade Here is what to do, but remember to read the files that come with OpenJade to see if there are any things you want to do special for your platform: cd /usr/local tar -xvzf ~/openjade-1.3.tar.gz cd openjade-1.3 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/openjade-1.3 make make install # Once installed, the objects etc. can be deleted. make clean The installation puts libraries in /usr/local/openjade-1.3/lib, so you might like to add it to /etc/ld.so.conf and run ldconfig. Add /usr/local/openjade-1.3/bin to your $PATH. You might be wondering why I dump the openjade source directly into /usr/local. The author experienced some issues with openjade's installation. However, with newer releases of OpenJade, you might try a standard (/usr/local/src) location for the openjade source package with some other prefix install location, and see how it goes. jadetex ent pdfjadetex As mentioned, jadetex and pdfjadetex are TeX macros that are packaged with OpenJade. They can be found in /usr/local/openjade-3.1/dsssl. A handy guide to installing these macros was prepared by FrankAtanassowChristophNext Solution Co., Ltd. and can be found at: ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/macros/jadetex/install.pdfhttp://reaster.com/installjadetex.pdf The following is based on the instructions in install.pdf: Create hugelatex (if needed) The jadetex and pdfjadetex tex macros require more memory than a regular run of tex. The default tex memory limit configuration is often too limited. The tex configuration file, texmf.cnf, can be edited and variables which limit tex's memory use can be increased. But rather than just editing the texmf.cnf file to allow tex in all instances to have more memory, a custom tex context can be created, called hugelatex. If hugelatex is already configured on your system, you can skip this subsection (which hugelatex). Verify that a working TeX is installed and find its directory: bash$ which tex /usr/share/texmf/bin/tex bash$ kpsewhich -expand-var='$TEXMFMAIN' /usr/share/texmf bash$ Using which should find the location of the tex program. If its not found, then you might need to install teTeX then return here. kpsewhich is a utility that comes with teTeX and finds the main tex directory if all goes well. Now that the texmf directory is known, installation can begin: cd /usr/share/texmf cd tex/latex cp -r config config-temp cd config-temp tex -ini -progname=hugelatex latex.ini mv latex.fmt hugelatex.fmt mv hugelatex.fmt /usr/share/texmf/web2c cd .. rm -r config-temp cd /usr/share/texmf/bin ln -s tex hugelatex cd /usr/share/texmf/web2c The web2c directory contains the texmf.cnf configuration file. Make a backup of this file: cp texmf.cnf texmf.cnf.orig. Edit the file using whatever editor you like, and add the following lines at the end: % hugelatex settings extra_mem_top.hugelatex = 8000000 extra_mem_bot.hugelatex = 8000000 hash_extra.hugelatex = 15000 pool_size.hugelatex = 5000000 string_vacancies.hugelatex = 45000 max_strings.hugelatex = 55000 pool_free.hugelatex = 47500 nest_size.hugelatex = 500 param_size.hugelatex = 1500 save_size.hugelatex = 5000 stack_size.hugelatex = 15000 % jadetex extra_mem_top.jadetex = 8000000 extra_mem_bot.jadetex = 8000000 hash_extra.jadetex = 20000 pool_size.jadetex = 5000000 string_vacancies.jadetex = 45000 max_strings.jadetex = 55000 pool_free.jadetex = 47500 nest_size.jadetex = 500 param_size.jadetex = 1500 save_size.jadetex = 5000 stack_size.jadetex = 15000 % pdfjadetex extra_mem_top.pdfjadetex = 8000000 extra_mem_bot.pdfjadetex = 8000000 hash_extra.pdfjadetex = 20000 pool_size.pdfjadetex = 5000000 string_vacancies.pdfjadetex = 45000 max_strings.pdfjadetex = 55000 pool_free.pdfjadetex = 47500 nest_size.pdfjadetex = 500 param_size.pdfjadetex = 1500 save_size.pdfjadetex = 5000 stack_size.pdfjadetex = 15000 Here, we've gone ahead and added entries for jadetex and pdfjadetex, which we'll be setting up below. You can play with these memory settings any way you like if you experience trouble with them. After setting up hugelatex, like above, it may not work until the texhash program is called: root# texhash texhash: Updating /usr/share/texmf/ls-R... texhash: Updating /var/cache/fonts/ls-R... texhash: Done. root# jadetex ent pdfjadetex Setting up jadetex and pdfjadetex is similar to hugelatex. cd /usr/local/openjade-1.3/dsssl make -f Makefile.jadetex install # make creates and installs the .fmt # files to /usr/share/texmf/web2c # Now create symlinks ... cd /usr/share/texmf/bin ln -s tex jadetex ln -s pdftex pdfjadetex # Finally, run texhash. root# texhash This Makefile uses hugelatex, so hugelatex must have been setup already. When tex is run as hugelatex, jadetex, or pdfjadetex, it gets its program name (context) from argv[0] in the environment. Then, it scans texmf.cnf, and uses any context-specific settings it finds. The format (.fmt) files in /usr/share/texmf/web2c are also loaded based on the context. The jadetex command takes a tex file generated from openjade, and outputs a dvi file. pdfjadetex takes a tex file generated from openjade, and outputs a pdf. The dvips program takes the dvi file and outputs a PostScript ps file that you can send to your printer or view with ghostscript gs. DocBook SGML DTDUnpack the DocBook SGML DTD The DocBook DTD is just some sgml text files, so there is nothing to compile. Just unzip them somewhere: # DocBook DTD V4.1 in # /usr/local/share/sgml/docbook/4.1 cd /usr/local/share mkdir sgml; cd sgml mkdir docbook; cd docbook mkdir 4.1; cd 4.1 unzip -a ~/docbk41.zip If you install doctools-1.2 from the XFree86 distribution, it will put some older versions of DocBook DTD, like 2.4.1/ and 3.0/ in subdirectories of docbook. There are some differences between the different versions of the DocBook DTD. The xxissues.txt files document those issues. Tags have been added, removed, and renamed between the versions. If you need to use DocBook DTD V3.1, it is available from the same place where V4.1 is downloaded. V3.1 is used a lot, so its a good idea to get it and install it in a 3.1/ subdirectory. Unpack the ISO8879 Entities For each DocBook DTD version unpacked, go into its directory and unpack the iso8879-entities.tar.gz file: cd /usr/local/share/sgml/docbook/4.1 tar -xvzf ~/iso8879-entities.tar.gz In each DocBook directory, there should be a docbook.cat file or a catalog file, or both. If both are present, they are likely to be identical. If only docbook.cat is present, go ahead and make a symlink: # If needed ... cd /usr/local/share/sgml/docbook/4.1 ln -s docbook.cat catalog DocBook DSSSL Installation of the DocBook DSSSL, which works for all versions of DocBook, is just a matter of unzipping it somwhere. cd /usr/local/share/sgml mkdir dsssl; cd dsssl unzip -a ~/db160.zip # If you downloaded the ldp.dsl stylesheet # customization, copy it to ... cd docbook cp ~/ldp.dsl html cp ~/ldp.dsl print # Copy into both directories. That's all there is to installing the DSSSL, except for the setup of the $SGML_CATALOG_PATH discussed later. Don't forget to straighten out the file modes and owner/group of these unpacked files - often they are scrambled and inappropriate. SGMLtools-Lite If you like it, you can install the SGMLtools-Lite, but it is optional. Its installation is the standard: cd /usr/src tar -xvzf ~/sgmltools-lite-3.0.2.tar.gz cd sgmltools-lite-3.0.2 ./configure make install This installs the sgmltools python script to /usr/local/bin. Note that it uses python, so if you don't have it, then this package is useless. One tweak that has to be done to make the sgmltools script work, is you have to edit it and set the path to openjade: vi `which sgmltools`. Consult its docs to learn more about it. htmldocbinary Preferrably you downloaded a binary distribution of htmldoc for your platform. The installation is straightforward: just unpack it and run the setup. Read the docs in the package for more info. source If you downloaded the source, you will also need the Fast Light Tool Kit or else it will not link: http://www.fltk.org/ Installation is autoconf style. Just run the configure script, make, make install. If all goes well, it will install in /usr/bin. ldp_print The htmldoc program has (or had) a few glitches when generating output from html files from openjade. For instance, bullet items are not rendered properly and shaded areas are not always shaded. To fix this problem, a perl script (ldp_print) is available from LinuxDoc.org. The lpd_print script processes a nochunks html file from openjade and then runs htmldoc on it to produce correctly rendered pdf and ps. Get it! tar -xvzf ldp_print.tar.gz cd ldp_print # Copy the lib somewhere where perl looks. cp fix_print_html.lib /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl cp ldp_print /usr/local/bin Take a look at the script in case there are lines in it you need to change for your system. Perhaps someday htmldoc's bugs will be fixed and this script will not be needed anymore. DocBook2X and SGMLS.pm (sgmlspl)sgmlspl Before the spec files from DocBook2X are of any use, the SGMLS.pm module for perl version 5 has to be installed, assuming that perl version 5 is installed. The installation of this module is not as automated as most perl module installs. It uses a Makefile that has to be edited first before running make. cd /usr/src tar -xvzf ~/SGMLSpm-1.03ii.tar.gz cd SGMLSpm # Edit Makfile vi Makefile # In the user options of the Makefile # set everything correct for # your system. # Example: # PERL = /usr/bin/perl # BINDIR = /usr/local/bin # PERL5DIR = /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl # MODULEDIR = ${PERL5DIR}/SGMLS # SPECDIR = ${PERL5DIR} # HTMLDIR= /usr/local/apache/htdocs make install sgmlspl gets copied to /usr/local/bin. docbook2X (docbook2man-spec.pl) DocBook2X contains no program to compile or install, though it has some scripts you might want to look at, so all there is to do is unpack it somwhere. cd /usr/local/share/sgml tar -xvzf ~/docbook2X-0.6.0.tar.gz cd docbook2X In the unpacked directory is the docbook2man-spec.pl and a patch file for it that corrects a few things. Applying the patch is optional but recommended. patch docbook2man-spec.pl docbook2man-spec.pl.patch Later, in Using DocBook, you will see how to use sgmlspl and docbook2man-spec.pl to generate a man page from a refentry DocBook document. $SGML_CATALOG_FILES The $SGML_CATALOG_FILES environment variable is used by openjade (and other SGML software) to locate DTDs and DSL (stylesheets). SGML software cannot function without finding these files, which have been unpacked to various directories. Given the setup as done so far, here is how $SGML_CATALOG_FILES can be set in /etc/profile: ########################################################################################## # SGML DocBook - openjade sgmltools-lite JADE_HOME=/usr/local/openjade-1.3 SGML_SHARE=/usr/local/share/sgml PATH=$PATH:$JADE_HOME/bin # DSSSL stylesheets # Norman Walsh's Modular DocBook Stylesheets SGML_CATALOG_FILES=$SGML_SHARE/dsssl/docbook/catalog # OpenJade stylesheets SGML_CATALOG_FILES=$SGML_CATALOG_FILES:$JADE_HOME/dsssl/catalog # sgmltools-lite's stylesheets SGML_CATALOG_FILES=$SGML_CATALOG_FILES:$SGML_SHARE/stylesheets/sgmltools/sgmltools.cat # DocBook DTD # From OASIS-Open.org SGML_CATALOG_FILES=$SGML_CATALOG_FILES:$SGML_SHARE/docbook/3.1/catalog SGML_CATALOG_FILES=$SGML_CATALOG_FILES:$SGML_SHARE/docbook/4.1/catalog # These old ones were installed with doctools-1.2 from XFree86.org SGML_CATALOG_FILES=$SGML_CATALOG_FILES:$SGML_SHARE/docbook/2.4.1/catalog SGML_CATALOG_FILES=$SGML_CATALOG_FILES:$SGML_SHARE/docbook/3.0/catalog # sgmltools-lite catalogs for LinuxDoc SGML_CATALOG_FILES=$SGML_CATALOG_FILES:$SGML_SHARE/dtd/sgmltools/catalog export JADE_HOME SGML_SHARE PATH SGML_CATALOG_FILES ########################################################################################## Save your profile, logout and then log back in to take effect. Installation is complete! In the next section, we'll test the installation and convert some test DocBook files. Using DocBook Now that everything is installed, it's time to test it out and see how to use openjade and the other tools.
Example DocBook SGML file - <filename moreinfo="none">test.sgml</filename>ent!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC ent-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.1//ENentent entarticle lang=entenentent entarticleinfoent enttitleentThis is a Testent/titleent entauthorent entfirstnameentJohnent/firstnameent entsurnameentDoeent/surnameent entothername role=entmiententLent/othernameent entaffiliationent entaddressent entemailentj.doe@jdoe dot coment/emailent ent/addressent ent/affiliationent ent/authorent entrevhistoryent entrevisionent entrevnumberentv1.0ent/revnumberent entdateent2000-12-30ent/dateent entauthorinitialsentjldent/authorinitialsent ent/revisionent ent/revhistoryent entabstractent entparaent This is a test DocBook document. ent/paraent ent/abstractent ent/articleinfoent entsect1 id=enttest1entent enttitleentTest 1ent/titleent entparaent Test section 1. ent/paraent entsect2ent enttitleentTest 1.1ent/titleent entparaent Test section 1.1 ent/paraent ent/sect2ent entsect2ent enttitleentTest 1.2ent/titleent entparaent entscreenent -- Test section 1.2 openjade -t sgml -d $DSLFILE test.sgml ent/screenent ent/paraent ent/sect2ent ent/sect1ent entsect1 id=enttest2entent enttitleentTest 2ent/titleent entparaent Test section 2. ent/paraent entsect2ent enttitleentTest 2.1ent/titleent entparaent Test section 2.1 ent/paraent ent/sect2ent entsect2ent enttitleentTest 2.2ent/titleent entparaent Test section 2.2 ent/paraent ent/sect2ent ent/sect1ent ent/articleent
For a guide to DocBook and a reference of DocBook elements, see: DocBook: The Definitive Guide http://www.docbook.org/tdg/en/ Generating HTML<filename moreinfo="none">docbook.dsl</filename>
Generating HTML output using <filename moreinfo="none">docbook.dsl</filename>bash$ ls -l total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1077 Dec 31 16:25 test.sgml bash$ echo $SGML_SHARE /usr/local/share/sgml bash$ openjade -t sgml -d $SGML_SHARE/dsssl/docbook/html/docbook.dsl test.sgml [snip - DTDDECL catalog entries are not supported, repeats] bash$ ls -l total 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1885 Dec 31 17:34 t1.htm -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1077 Dec 31 16:25 test.sgml -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1544 Dec 31 17:34 x27.htm bash$
The warnings about DTDDECL can be ignored. They might be a little annoying, but these warnings are normal when using openjade. Other warnings and errors should be looked at and often indicate syntax errors that you should fix. Two htm files are generated, one for each sect1. The filenames are not very descriptive. Section one appears on the same page as the article information. These are the results of using the default stylesheet that comes with the Modular DocBook Stylesheets, docbook.dsl. Stylesheets can be customized to improve on these defaults. If you downloaded the Linux Documentation Project's ldp.dsl file and installed it as shown in Section 3.3, then you already have a customized style available. <filename moreinfo="none">ldp.dsl</filename>
Generating HTML output using <filename moreinfo="none">ldp.dsl</filename>bash$ openjade -t sgml -d $SGML_SHARE/dsssl/docbook/html/ldp.dsl#html test.sgml bash$ ls -l total 16 -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 2006 Dec 31 18:00 index.html -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1077 Dec 31 16:25 test.sgml -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1677 Dec 31 18:00 test1.html -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1598 Dec 31 18:00 test2.html bash$
Using ldp.dsl, the output looks better: An index file has been created that contains the article information. A table of contents has been automatically generated. Each sect1 is in its own file. Filenames are derived from ID attributes of the sect1 elements. The file extension has changed to html. The screen elements are shaded. Note how the ldp.dsl file is written in the command line: it has "#html" appended. ldp.dsl contains two STYLE-SPECIFICATION elements, one with ID="html" and another with ID="print". This selects the html style from within ldp.dsl. The DocBook DSSSL contains support for converting DocBook files into html and print formats. In Section 3.3, we copied ldp.dsl into both the print and html directories. When generating html output, the html style should be selected like above. When generating other types of files, such as rtf and tex, they fall under the print style and so the print style should be selected from ldp.dsl. The alternative is to comment out or delete the print or html style in the copy of ldp.dsl in the respective directory. If a dsl file has more than one style-spec in it and none is selected like in the example above, then the first style encountered in the file is selected. For ldp.dsl, the print style-spec is first in the file, so it gets selected by default. So in the example above, without appending "#html" when specifying ldp.dsl as the dsssl stylesheet, the "print" style-spec would be selected and used when generating the html output. It will work, but is intended for when selecting the print/ldp.dsl and the formatting will be different. To learn more about how the stylesheet customization files are made, read the documentation for the Modular DocBook Stylesheets. Customization mainly involves setting boolean option parameters to toggle style features on and off. Completely new style logic can be programmed using the the DSSSL language. The openjade option "-t output_type" specifies the output type. The "-d dsssl_spec" option is the path to the dsssl stylesheet to use. In the example above, the output type specified is sgml, which is for SGML to SGML transformations. HTML, defined by the HTML Document Type Definition (DTD), is an SGML document type just as DocBook is, so "sgml" is the correct output_type option. The other two output types commonly used are "rtf" and "tex". The tex output_type will be used later as an intermediate format for the generation of pdf and ps formats. The dsssl_spec must specify a dsl file, not a directory. Generating rtf and tex bash$ ls -l -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1143 Dec 31 18:18 test.sgml bash$ openjade -t rtf -d $SGML_SHARE/dsssl/docbook/print/ldp.dsl#print test.sgml bash$ openjade -t tex -d $SGML_SHARE/dsssl/docbook/print/ldp.dsl#print test.sgml bash$ ls -l -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 4584 Dec 31 20:51 test.rtf -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1143 Dec 31 18:18 test.sgml -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 18719 Dec 31 20:51 test.tex Generating dvi and ps
Running jadetex to generate a Device Independent (dvi) file.-rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 4584 Dec 31 20:51 test.rtf -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1143 Dec 31 18:18 test.sgml -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 18719 Dec 31 20:51 test.tex bash$ jadetex test.tex This is TeX, Version 3.14159 (Web2C 7.3.1) (test.tex JadeTeX 1999/06/29: 2.7 (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/psnfss/t1ptm.fd) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/jadetex/isoents.tex) Elements will be labelled Jade begin document sequence at 19 No file test.aux. (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/cyrillic/ot2cmr.fd) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/base/ts1cmr.fd) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/lucidabr/lmrhlcm.fd) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/hyperref/nameref.sty) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/psnfss/t1phv.fd) LaTeX Warning: Reference `TEST1' on page 1 undefined on input line 238. LaTeX Warning: Reference `20' on page 1 undefined on input line 262. LaTeX Warning: Reference `23' on page 1 undefined on input line 285. LaTeX Warning: Reference `TEST2' on page 1 undefined on input line 316. LaTeX Warning: Reference `30' on page 1 undefined on input line 340. LaTeX Warning: Reference `33' on page 1 undefined on input line 363. [1.0.46] (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/psnfss/t1pcr.fd) [2.0.46] [3.0.46] (test.aux) LaTeX Warning: There were undefined references. ) Output written on test.dvi (3 pages, 34984 bytes). Transcript written on test.log. bash$ ls -l total 80 -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 771 Dec 31 20:55 test.aux -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 34984 Dec 31 20:55 test.dvi -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 5072 Dec 31 20:55 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 4584 Dec 31 20:51 test.rtf -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1143 Dec 31 18:18 test.sgml -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 18719 Dec 31 20:51 test.tex bash$ jadetex test.tex This is TeX, Version 3.14159 (Web2C 7.3.1) (test.tex JadeTeX 1999/06/29: 2.7 (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/psnfss/t1ptm.fd) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/jadetex/isoents.tex) Elements will be labelled Jade begin document sequence at 19 (test.aux) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/cyrillic/ot2cmr.fd) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/base/ts1cmr.fd) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/lucidabr/lmrhlcm.fd) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/hyperref/nameref.sty) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/psnfss/t1phv.fd) [1.0.46] (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/psnfss/t1pcr.fd) [2.0.46] [3.0.46] (test.aux) ) Output written on test.dvi (3 pages, 34148 bytes). Transcript written on test.log. You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/reaster bash$ ls -l total 80 -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 753 Dec 31 20:58 test.aux -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 34148 Dec 31 20:58 test.dvi -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 4433 Dec 31 20:58 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 4584 Dec 31 20:51 test.rtf -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1143 Dec 31 18:18 test.sgml -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 18719 Dec 31 20:51 test.tex bash$
The first time jadetex is run, warnings are printed. They can be ignored. Running it a second time, they do not appear again.
Running <command moreinfo="none">dvips</command> to generate a <productname class="trade">PostScript</productname> (ps) file.bash$ ls -l total 80 -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 753 Dec 31 20:58 test.aux -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 34148 Dec 31 20:58 test.dvi -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 4433 Dec 31 20:58 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 4584 Dec 31 20:51 test.rtf -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1143 Dec 31 18:18 test.sgml -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 18719 Dec 31 20:51 test.tex bash$ dvips test.dvi This is dvips(k) 5.86 Copyright 1999 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com) ' TeX output 2000.12.31:2058' -ent test.ps enttexc.proentent8r.encententtexps.proententspecial.proententcolor.proent. [1] [2] [3] bash$ ls -l total 116 -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 753 Dec 31 20:58 test.aux -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 34148 Dec 31 20:58 test.dvi -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 4433 Dec 31 20:58 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 34817 Dec 31 21:06 test.ps -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 4584 Dec 31 20:51 test.rtf -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1143 Dec 31 18:18 test.sgml -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 18719 Dec 31 20:51 test.tex bash$
Running <command moreinfo="none">htmldoc</command> to generate a <productname class="trade">PostScript</productname> (<filename moreinfo="none">ps</filename>) file.bash$ ls -l -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1143 Dec 31 18:18 test.sgml bash$ export DSL_HTML=$SGML_SHARE/dsssl/docbook/html/ldp.dsl\#html bash$ openjade -t sgml -V nochunks -d $DSL_HTML test.sgml | htmldoc -f test-htmldoc.ps - bash$ ls -l -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 9050 Jan 1 00:44 test-htmldoc.ps -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1143 Dec 31 18:18 test.sgml bash$
If the ps file doesn't appear as expected, it may be due to bugs in htmldoc. Look inside the ldp_print script if you want to use it to make ps. Generating pdf
Running <command moreinfo="none">pdfjadetex</command> to generate a Portable Document Format (<filename moreinfo="none">pdf</filename>) file.bash$ ls -l -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 753 Dec 31 20:58 test.aux -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 34148 Dec 31 20:58 test.dvi -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 4433 Dec 31 20:58 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 34817 Dec 31 21:06 test.ps -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 4584 Dec 31 20:51 test.rtf -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1143 Dec 31 18:18 test.sgml -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 18719 Dec 31 20:51 test.tex bash$ pdfjadetex test.tex This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159-13d (Web2C 7.3.1) (test.tex[/usr/share/texmf/pdftex/config/pdftex.cfg] JadeTeX 1999/06/29: 2.7 (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/psnfss/t1ptm.fd) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/jadetex/isoents.tex) Elements will be labelled Jade begin document sequence at 19 (test.aux) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/cyrillic/ot2cmr.fd) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/base/ts1cmr.fd) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/lucidabr/lmrhlcm.fd) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/context/base/supp-pdf.tex (/usr/share/texmf/tex/context/base/supp-mis.tex loading : Context Support Macros / Missing ) loading : Context Support Macros / PDF ) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/hyperref/nameref.sty) (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/psnfss/t1phv.fd) [1.0.46[/usr/share/texmf/dvips/con fig/pdftex.map]] (/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/psnfss/t1pcr.fd) [2.0.46] [3.0.46] (test.aux) )ent8r.encent Output written on test.pdf (3 pages, 9912 bytes). Transcript written on test.log. bash$ ls -l total 128 -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 753 Dec 31 21:13 test.aux -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 34148 Dec 31 20:58 test.dvi -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 5075 Dec 31 21:13 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 9912 Dec 31 21:13 test.pdf -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 34817 Dec 31 21:06 test.ps -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 4584 Dec 31 20:51 test.rtf -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1143 Dec 31 18:18 test.sgml -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 18719 Dec 31 20:51 test.tex bash$ bash$ pdfjadetex test.tex [snip] bash$ pdfjadetex test.tex [snip]
pdfjadetex must be run up to three times to resolve all internal references for things such as TOC page numbers.
Running <command moreinfo="none">htmldoc</command> to generate a Portable Document Format (<filename moreinfo="none">pdf</filename>) file.bash$ ls -l -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1143 Dec 31 18:18 test.sgml bash$ export DSL_HTML=$SGML_SHARE/dsssl/docbook/html/ldp.dsl\#html bash$ openjade -t sgml -V nochunks -d $DSL_HTML test.sgml ent test-htmldoc.htm bash$ ldp_print test-htmldoc.htm bash$ ls -l -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 9050 Jan 1 01:17 test-htmldoc.pdf -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1143 Dec 31 18:18 test.sgml bash$
If enabled in the ldp_print script, this would generate a ps file also. Using <command moreinfo="none">make</command> Repeating the commands to generate the output files is tedious. The make command works perfectly to automate the process.
Filename: <filename moreinfo="none">Makefile</filename> - automates document generation.# Generates online and print versions of SGML source file. BASENAME=DocBook-Install # SGML source file. SGML_FILE=$(BASENAME).sgml # Stylesheets DSL_PRINT=$(SGML_SHARE)/dsssl/docbook/print/ldp.dsl\#print DSL_HTML=$(SGML_SHARE)/dsssl/docbook/html/ldp.dsl\#html # Generated files. HTML_FILE=index.html HTM_FILE=$(BASENAME).htm TEX_FILE=$(BASENAME).tex RTF_FILE=$(BASENAME).rtf PDF_FILE=$(BASENAME).pdf DVI_FILE=$(BASENAME).dvi PS_FILE=$(BASENAME).ps # Build rules. html: $(HTML_FILE) htm: $(HTM_FILE) tex: $(TEX_FILE) rtf: $(RTF_FILE) pdf: $(PDF_FILE) dvi: $(DVI_FILE) ps: $(PS_FILE) all: html htm tex rtf pdf dvi ps clean: rm -f $(BASENAME).{htm,log,aux,ps,pdf,tex,dvi,rtf,fot} rm -f *.html distclean: clean rm -f $(BASENAME).tgz package: rm -f $(BASENAME).tgz tar -C .. -czf /tmp/$(BASENAME).tgz $(BASENAME) mv /tmp/$(BASENAME).tgz . dist: clean package distall: all package # Compile rules. $(HTML_FILE): $(SGML_FILE) openjade -t sgml -d $(DSL_HTML) $(SGML_FILE) $(HTM_FILE): $(SGML_FILE) openjade -t sgml -V nochunks -d $(DSL_HTML) \ $(SGML_FILE) ent $(HTM_FILE) $(TEX_FILE): $(SGML_FILE) openjade -t tex -d $(DSL_PRINT) $(SGML_FILE) $(RTF_FILE): $(SGML_FILE) openjade -t rtf -d $(DSL_PRINT) $(SGML_FILE) # [pdf]jadetex is run 3 times to resolve references. #$(PDF_FILE): $(TEX_FILE) # pdfjadetex $(TEX_FILE) # pdfjadetex $(TEX_FILE) # pdfjadetex $(TEX_FILE) # This *should* work, but htmldoc has bugs ... #$(PDF_FILE): $(SGML_FILE) # openjade -t sgml -V nochunks -d $(DSL_HTML) \ # $(SGML_FILE) | htmldoc -f $(PDF_FILE) - # Have to use ldp_print to work around htmldoc bugs # ldp_print can also do the ps file - see script $(PDF_FILE): $(HTM_FILE) ldp_print $(HTM_FILE) $(DVI_FILE): $(TEX_FILE) jadetex $(TEX_FILE) jadetex $(TEX_FILE) jadetex $(TEX_FILE) $(PS_FILE): $(DVI_FILE) dvips $(DVI_FILE) #$(PS_FILE): $(SGML_FILE) # openjade -t sgml -V nochunks -d $(DSL_HTML) \ # $(SGML_FILE) | htmldoc -f $(PS_FILE) -
Usage is just like for most projects:
Invoking <command moreinfo="none">make</command> to run <filename moreinfo="none">Makefile</filename> -- generate html (default) make -- generate just pdf make pdf -- generate all files make all -- delete all generated files make clean -- create tgz distribution -- with no generated files make dist -- create tgz distribution -- containing all generated files make distall
Notice the commented compile rules for pdf and ps which provide alternative means of generating those files. Generating a <command moreinfo="none">man</command> page During the section on installing everything, we installed the perl version 5 module SGMLS.pm. Then we installed Docbook2X which provides the spec.pl files for transforming DocBook refentry documents into nroff (man page) format with sgmlspl. An example Docbook refentry document, for the foo command, is given below.
<command moreinfo="none">foo</command> command <command moreinfo="none">man</command> page, docbook <sgmltag class="starttag">refentry</sgmltag> source (<filename moreinfo="none">foo-ref.sgml</filename>)ent!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC ent-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.1//ENentent entrefentryent entrefentryinfoent entdateent2001-01-01ent/dateent ent/refentryinfoent entrefmetaent entrefentrytitleent entapplicationentfooent/applicationent ent/refentrytitleent entmanvolnument1ent/manvolnument entrefmiscinfoentfoo 1.0ent/refmiscinfoent ent/refmetaent entrefnamedivent entrefnameent entapplicationentfooent/applicationent ent/refnameent entrefpurposeent Does nothing useful. ent/refpurposeent ent/refnamedivent entrefsynopsisdivent entrefsynopsisdivinfoent entdateent2001-01-01ent/dateent ent/refsynopsisdivinfoent entcmdsynopsisent entcommandentfooent/commandent entargententoptionent-f ent/optionententreplaceable class=entparameterententbarent/replaceableentent/argent entargententoptionent-dentreplaceable class=entparameterententnent/replaceableentent/optionentent/argent entarg rep=entrepeatentententreplaceable class=entparameterententfileent/replaceableentent/argent ent/cmdsynopsisent ent/refsynopsisdivent entrefsect1ent entrefsect1infoent entdateent2001-01-01ent/dateent ent/refsect1infoent enttitleentDESCRIPTIONent/titleent entparaent entcommandentfooent/commandent does nothing useful. ent/paraent ent/refsect1ent entrefsect1ent enttitleentOPTIONSent/titleent entvariablelistent entvarlistentryent entterment-f entreplaceable class=entparameterententbarent/replaceableentent/terment entlistitement entparaent Takes entfilenameentbarent/filenameent as it's run control file. If this were a real program, there might be more to say here about what bar is and how it will be used. ent/paraent ent/listitement ent/varlistentryent entvarlistentryent entterment-dentreplaceable class=entparameterententnent/replaceableentent/terment entlistitement entparaent Do something, where integer entreplaceable class=entparameterententnent/replaceableent specifies how many times. ent/paraent ent/listitement ent/varlistentryent entvarlistentryent enttermententreplaceable class=entparameterententfile...ent/replaceableentent/terment entlistitement entparaent Processes the files in the order listed, sending all output to stdout. ent/paraent ent/listitement ent/varlistentryent ent/variablelistent ent/refsect1ent entrefsect1ent enttitleentUSAGEent/titleent entparaent entcommandentfooent/commandent -f foo.conf -d2 foodata.foo ent/paraent ent/refsect1ent entrefsect1ent enttitleentCAVEATSent/titleent entparaent Other programs named entcommandentfooent/commandent may exist and actually do something! ent/paraent ent/refsect1ent entrefsect1ent enttitleentBUGSent/titleent entparaent None. Program does nothing. ent/paraent ent/refsect1ent entrefsect1ent enttitleentAUTHORent/titleent entparaent entauthorent entfirstnameentFooent/firstnameent entothername role=entmiententEent/othernameent entsurnameentBarent/surnameent entcontribentOriginal authorent/contribent ent/authorent ent/paraent ent/refsect1ent ent/refentryent
Generating a <command moreinfo="none">man</command> page with <command moreinfo="none">onsgmls</command>, <command moreinfo="none">sgmlspl</command>, and <filename moreinfo="none">docbook2man-spec.pl</filename>bash$ ls -l -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 2434 Jan 3 03:51 foo-ref.sgml bash$ onsgmls foo-ref.sgml | sgmlspl $SGML_SHARE/docbook2X/docbook2man-spec.pl bash$ ls -l -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 2434 Jan 3 03:51 foo-ref.sgml -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 1129 Jan 3 04:03 foo.1 -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 0 Jan 3 04:03 manpage.links -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 0 Jan 3 04:03 manpage.log -rw-r--r-- 1 reaster users 15 Jan 3 04:03 manpage.refs bash$ groff -mandoc -Tascii foo.1 FOO(1) FOO(1) NAME foo - Does nothing useful. SYNOPSIS foo [ -f bar ] [ -dn ] [ file... ] DESCRIPTION foo does nothing useful. OPTIONS -f bar Takes bar as its run control file. If this were a real program, there might be more to say here about what bar is and how it will be used. -dn Do something, where integer n specifies how many times. file... Processes the files in the order listed, sending all output to stdout. USAGE foo -f foo.conf -d2 foodata.foo CAVEATS Other programs named foo may exist and actually do some- thing! BUGS None. Program does nothing. AUTHOR Foo E Bar (Original author) [snip - several extra blank lines that man would not show] foo 1.0 2001-01-01 1 bash$ groff -mandoc -Tascii foo.1 | less bash$ less foo.1
The man page, foo.1, is generated as a Section 1 page. The groff command is used to give a quick look at its formatted appearance. To install this man page, it belongs in any man/man1 directory, where the directory man/ is added to $MANPATH in the environment. The standard location is /usr/local/man/man1. The standard sections in the man pages system are 1 though 9. Each is for holding specific catagories of documentation. Manual Pages SectionsSectionPurposeman1User programsman2System callsman3Library functions and subroutinesman4Devicesman5File formatsman6Gamesman7Miscellaneousman8System administrationman9Kernel internal variables and functions
The source file for a man page, like foo-ref.sgml, can be processed into all the other formats just like any other DocBook file. So using the same commands discussed earlier to generate html and print output types, a man page can be made into html and rtf, tex, pdf, dvi, and ps. This can really save a lot of conversion work! Have fun ! LegalCopyright and Licenses
Copyright (c) 2001, 2002 Robert B. Easter Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
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Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version.Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. 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You must delete all sections entitled "Endorsements."COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTSYou may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKSA compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves derivative works of the Document.If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate. Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.TRANSLATIONTranslation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License provided that you also include the original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original English version of this License, the original English version will prevail.TERMINATIONYou may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSEThe Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.How to use this License for your documentsTo use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page:
Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections" instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.